View source for Adding a second hard drive to your HDA

<center>{{MessageBox|
backgroundcolor	= #faa|
image	=Warning.png|
heading	=WARNING|
message = This is recommended only for ''Advanced'' users, proceed with caution.}}</center>
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .8em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 0px 1em;">

'''NOTE:'''  The Amahi [https://www.amahi.org/apps/disk-wizard Disk Wizard] application (Amahi 8 or greater '''ONLY''') provides this capability from the Dashboard UI.

</div>
<br />
The purpose of this tutorial is to make partitioning, formatting, and mounting hard drives in the Amahi server simple for those new to Linux. 

In order to keep this process simple, it's important '''NOT''' to connect additional hard drive(s) until the end of the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Preparation|Preparation]] step.  

=Disclaimer=
* [https://www.amahi.org Amahi] cannot be held responsible for any data breakage or destruction arising from the use or misuse of this script. We provide it as a service in good will. You accept this automatically if you use the script.

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table GUID-partitioned] hard drives (such as those previously used in a Mac or have GPT partition tables) are not supported in this tutorial.

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_nano nano] is used as the command-line text editor (refer to [https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-use-nano-text-editor/ beginners guide to nano] as needed).

=Prerequisites=
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], verify disk tools are installed by executing:<br />

Fedora
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text-align: left">
 dnf -y install pmount fuse fuse-libs ntfs-3g util-linux-ng parted nano
</div>

:'''NOTE:'''  <code>yum</code> (deprecated) has been replaced with <code>dnf</code> as the package manager for Fedora 23 and greater.
Ubuntu 
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text-align: left">
 sudo apt-get -y install gparted
</div>

:'''NOTE:'''  Hard drives must be formatted as '''MBR''' not '''GUID/GPT''' for ''hda-diskmount'' to work correctly.

=Preparation=
[[Open_Terminal_as_root|In terminal as root]], execute the following to capture current hard drive configuration:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:  3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/ > before.txt
 cat before.txt
</div>

:EXAMPLE:
 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 2010-02-18 03:24  ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda
 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1

Power ''OFF'' the HDA and install/connect any additional hard drive(s).<br />

=Identify=
Power ''ON'' the HDA and collect data about the new hard drive configuration.  Again, save this to a text file for reference.

[[Open_Terminal_as_root|In a terminal as root]], execute the following to capture current hard drive configuration:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:  3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/ > after.txt
 cat after.txt
</div>

:EXAMPLE:
 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 2010-02-18 03:24  ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda
 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1
 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../../sdb

:'''FYI:'''  IDE/SATA hard drives will start with '''ata-''' and USB hard drives will start with '''usb-'''.<br/>

=Partition/Format=
Compare the difference between before.txt and after.txt to determine the new hard drive(s) device name.  This can be done automatically.

[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:  3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 diff before.txt after.txt
</div>

:EXAMPLE:
 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../../sdb

At this point, partition and format the hard drive(s) if they are new.  For hard drive(s) that contain data to be preserved, skip to the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Mount|Mount]] step.

==Command-line (Fedora)==
To partition the hard drive(s), substitute sdX with hard drive device name, such as ''sdb'':

[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:
<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:  3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 parted /dev/sdX
</div></blockquote>
Up to 2TB, at the ''(parted)'' prompt, enter:
# mklabel msdos (answer ''yes'' if prompted)
# mkpart primary 0% 100%
# quit
<br />
Greater than 2TB, at the ''(parted)'' prompt, enter:
# mklabel gpt (answer ''yes'' if prompted)
# mkpart primary 0% 100%
# quit
<br />
Verify the new partition was created:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:  3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/
</div>
:EXAMPLE:
 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 2010-02-18 03:24  ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda
 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1
 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../../sdb
 <span style="color:#FF0000">'''lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65-part1 -> ../../sdb1'''</span>

The new partition is named sdX1 (i.e. sdb1 in <span style="color:#FF0000">'''RED'''</span>).

Format the partition, execute (can substitute ext3):
<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:  3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 mkfs.ext4 -j /dev/sdX1
</div></blockquote>

Repeat the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Partition/Format|Partition/Format]] step for each hard drive to be partitioned and formatted.

==GParted (Ubuntu)==
From the HDA desktop (or using VNC), [[Open_Terminal_as_root|In a terminal as root]] and type '''gparted''' to launch the application.

Here's a general introduction on [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdWkdrnNGRg YouTube]. Just use ''ext3'' or ''ext4'' instead of ''fat32'' if you follow that tutorial.

For drives > 2.0 TB, following these steps:
* Choose hard disk in the dropdown menu (top right)
* Select Device > Create Partition Table... > Advanced > (Choose 'gpt')
* Create partition


:<b>NOTE:</b>  [http://gparted.org GParted] supports GUID-partitioned drives, however, the hda-mount script do not support currently.

Repeat the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Partition/Format|Partition/Format]] step for each hard drive to be partitioned and formatted.

=Mount=
Mount the hard drive(s)/partition(s) for use in the HDA.

:'''NOTE:'''  If you prefer not to use ''hda-diskmount'', refer to [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#hda-diskmount|Troubleshooting ''hda-diskmount]].

[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following(it will create drive1, drive2, etc  and mount the hard drive(s) automatically):
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:  3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 hda-diskmount
</div>

:EXAMPLE:
 ****************************************************************
 Ignoring /dev/sda1 - already in /etc/fstab or mounted
 ****************************************************************
 Mounted /dev/<strong style="color:green">sdb1</strong> as '<strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/drive1</strong>' (read-write)
 You may want your system to mount it every time you boot.
 To do so, add this line VERY CAREFULLY to /etc/fstab and reboot:
 <strong style="color:blue">UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2</strong>
 ****************************************************************
 All Linux, Windows and Mac partitions on non-removable disks have been mounted

The line in <span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</span> is what you need to copy and add to the bottom of ''/etc/fstab''.  This is '''REQUIRED''' for the hard drive(s) to be permanently mounted.

There will be multiple lines for multiple hard drive(s) added.  Ensure you copy and add '''ONLY''' those which were not present in the ''before.txt'' file. 

The new hard drive storage space can be used for [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#All Shares|All Shares]], [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Some Shares|Some Shares]], or the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Greyhole Storage Pool|Greyhole Storage Pool]].  Follow the guidance below based on desired usage for each hard drive.

==All Shares==
Host '''ALL''' shares on the new hard drive.

Move all the shares data to the new drive, replacing path in '''<span style="color: red;">RED</span>''' with the path from the ''hda-diskmount'' output line in <span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</span>.<br />

[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 mv /var/hda/files/* <strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/drive1/</strong>
</div>

:'''NOTE:'''  There may be a '''WARNING''' that can be ignored indicating ''/var/hda/files/drives cannot be moved to a subdirectory of itself''.

Unmount the new hard drive:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 umount /var/hda/files/drives/drive1/
</div>
Mount the new hard drive permanently as ''/var/hda/files'' by editing ''/etc/fstab'':
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:  3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 nano /etc/fstab
</div>
Add the line to ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the ''hda-diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>''' and change the second value (path) to ''/var/hda/files''.

:EXAMPLE hda-diskmount output (Original):
 <span style="color: blue;">UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 <strong>/var/hda/files/drives/drive1</strong> ext4 defaults 1 2</span>
:EXAMPLE hda-diskmount output (Modified):
 UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 <strong>/var/hda/files</strong> ext4 defaults 1 2

:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab:
 #
 # /etc/fstab
 # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov  9 01:46:39 2013
 #
 # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
 # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
 #
 UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>
Finally, execute the following:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 mount -a
 ls /var/hda/files/
</div>
The last command will display contents of the new hard drive.  All shares are now located on the new hard drive.

==Some Shares==
Host '''SOME''' shares on the new hard drive. 

Move some shares data to the new drive by executing the following command (replace path in '''<span style="color: red;">RED</span>''' with the path from the ''hda-diskmount'' output line in <span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</span>; sharename will be the share to move to the new drive).<br />

[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 mv /var/hda/files/<strong>sharename</strong> <strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/drive1/</strong>
</div>
Repeat the process with every share to be moved to the new drive.

Unmount the new hard drive: 
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 umount /var/hda/files/drives/drive1
</div>

Mount the new hard drive permanently by editing ''/etc/fstab'': 
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:  3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 nano /etc/fstab
</div>
Add the line to ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the ''hda-diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>'''.
:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab:
 #
 # /etc/fstab
 # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov  9 01:46:39 2013
 #
 # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
 # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
 #
 UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>
Verify the hard drive(s)/partition(s) configuration is correct in ''/etc/fstab''.

Next, execute the following:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 mount -a
 ls /var/hda/files/drives/drive1
</div>
The last command will display contents of the new hard drive.  All shares are now located on the new hard drive.

'''<u>HDA Dashboard Update</u><br />'''
The location of each share that was moved to the new hard drive will need updated.  Select ''Setup'' followed by the ''Shares'' section. Expand each share that was  moved individually and change the location (path) accordingly. 

For example, the original movies location was <span style="color:red">/var/hda/files/movies</span> but the new location might be <span style="color:blue">/var/hda/files/drives/drive1/movies</span>.

Repeat for any other shares that you have moved to the new hard drive. Verify these shares are accessible from another machine within your network.

'''NOTE:'''  If any services depend on the location of a moved share, ensure they are configured to use the new share location. For example, if [https://www.amahi.org/apps/dlna DLNA] is  installed, check the configuration file to verify it can find the new share location. Secondly, validate that that all such services start correctly and behave as expected. If the service doesn't start, it may be that it's looking for a specific share location during the service start up.

==Greyhole Storage Pool==
Use new hard drive for [[Storage_pooling|Greyhole Storage Pool]].

[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], mount the new hard drive permanently  by editing ''/etc/fstab'':
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:  3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 nano /etc/fstab
</div>
Add the line to ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the ''hda-diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>'''.
:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab:
 #
 # /etc/fstab
 # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov  9 01:46:39 2013
 #
 # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
 # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
 #
 UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>
Verify the hard drive(s)/partition(s) configuration is correct in ''/etc/fstab''.

Refer to [[Greyhole#Amahi 6|Greyhole (Amahi 6)]] for Ubuntu or [[Greyhole#Amahi 7|Greyhole (Amahi 7)]] for Fedora to configure the [[Storage_pooling|Greyhole Storage Pool]].

=Verify/Test=
Verify the hard drive/partition is mounted.

[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:  3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 df -h
</div>

:EXAMPLE:
 Filesystem                  Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
 /dev/sda5        16G  4.3G   11G  30% /
 devtmpfs        493M     0  493M   0% /dev
 tmpfs           498M   84K  498M   1% /dev/shm
 tmpfs           498M  364K  498M   1% /run
 tmpfs           498M     0  498M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
 tmpfs           498M  1.1M  497M   1% /tmp
 /dev/sda1       190M   75M  102M  43% /boot
 /dev/sdb1       917G  398G  473G  46% /var/hda/files/drives/drive1

The hard drive(s) and the mount point (path) should be listed for each hard drive added.  If not, then further investigation will be needed to determine the problem.
<br />

=Tips=
==Mount Order==
The following guide will outline how to manually order hard drives and mount them automatically on boot.

[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], executing the following command to obtain the UUID for each hard drive:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 blkid
</div>
:EXAMPLE:
 /dev/sda1: LABEL="Seagate-Alpha2TB" UUID="55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f" TYPE="ext4" 
 /dev/sdb1: LABEL="Seagate-Beta2TB" UUID="5bd5498f-30c1-4780-948e-ca46656507d2" TYPE="ext4" 
 /dev/sdc1: LABEL="WD-Charlie2TB" UUID="a7337504-376a-4d36-9f7a-1a24c0f55fbd" TYPE="ext4" 
 /dev/sdd1: LABEL="WD-Delta2TB" UUID="8d881dcb-8de3-4621-b9bd-00025196868a" TYPE="ext4" 
 /dev/sde1: LABEL="root" UUID="4d6f8004-d190-4234-a03b-b68de988abf0" TYPE="ext4" 
 /dev/sde3: LABEL="home" UUID="d0531fa1-9311-4d53-b838-f35898adbd98" TYPE="ext4" 
 /dev/sde5: LABEL="swap" UUID="3c39206c-ba60-47ff-a1fe-f5821b2ab543" TYPE="swap"

In this case, there are four data drives (sda1, sdb1, sdc1, sdd1) and the Operating system assigned to a fifth drive, sde.

Take note of the UUID's for each drive.  Easiest to cut and paste UUID's straight from the terminal.

Edit ''/etc/fstab'' to mount each drive:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 nano /etc/fstab
</div>
Then '''very carefully''' add the following line for each disk into the end of the fstab file.  Ensure correct UUID, hard drive number and hard drive file system (ext4 in this case) are added. 

:EXAMPLE:
 UUID=55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2

It should look something like the following when lines are added for each of the five drives in this example.    

:EXAMPLE:
 #  Mounting Greyhole Drives for Drive Pool.  
 #
 # Drive1 = Seagate-Alpha2TB in Microserver Bay 1 from left 
 UUID=55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2
 #
 # Drive2 = Seagate-Beta2TB in Microserver Bay 2 from left 
 UUID=5bd5498f-30c1-4780-948e-ca46656507d2 /var/hda/files/drives/drive2 ext4 defaults 1 2
 #
 # Drive3 = WD-Charlie2TB in Microserver Bay 3 from left 
 UUID=a7337504-376a-4d36-9f7a-1a24c0f55fbd /var/hda/files/drives/drive3 ext4 defaults 1 2
 #
 # Drive4 = WD-Delta2TB in Microserver Bay 4 from left 
 UUID=8d881dcb-8de3-4621-b9bd-00025196868a /var/hda/files/drives/drive4 ext4 defaults 1 2
 #
 # Drive5 = 250GB OS Drive mounted in Optical Drive bay
 UUID="4d6f8004-d190-4234-a03b-b68de988abf0 /var/hda/files/drives/drive5 ext4 defaults 1 2
 #
 #

:'''NOTE:'''  Lines beginning with # are comments  where the remainder of the line is ignored 

Verify there are no issues by executing the following:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 mount -a
</div>
If there are errors,most likely a line was not added properly.  If this is not corrected, the machine may not boot and hang trying to mount the hard drives!

Once there are no errors, reboot machine:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 reboot
</div>
Verify the hard drives have successfully mounted in the '''HDA Dashboard'''.

If all drives mounted successfully, it should look something like this (Ubuntu):

:EXAMPLE:
[[File:Gstreet_greyhole_pool.png|options|caption]]

==Bad Blocks==
Optionally, you can test your new drive for bad blocks.<br/>

:'''NOTE:''' This can take a ''long'' time to complete! Recommend starting it in the evening so it will be completed the next day.

[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute following command (replace '''sdb1''' with the (<strong style="color:blue">BLUE</strong>) value you received from ''hda-diskmount''):
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 e2fsck -cn /dev/'''sdb1'''
</div>
You'll receive a message stating '''WARNING!!!'''  ''Running e2fsck on a mounted filesystem may cause SEVERE filesystem damage. Do you really want to continue (y/n)?''<br/>

Answer ''yes''. The <code>-cn</code> option we're using can safely be used on mounted file systems.
==Spin Down Hard Drives==

Low power is a good thing to have in servers. If you do not use your server very often, you may want to force the hard drives to spin down faster than the default. Here is how.

First ensure ''hdparm'' package is installed:
 sudo dnf install hdparm

To force to spin down after 10 minutes of being idle, add these lines to <code>/etc/rc.local</code>:
<pre>
# power drives down after 10 minutes idle
/sbin/hdparm -S120 /dev/sda
/sbin/hdparm -S120 /dev/sdb
...
</pre>

Most drives will power down on their own without doing this.

Once stopped, the drive may take as long as 30 seconds to respond to a subsequent disk access, though most drives are much quicker.  The encoding of the -S timeout value is somewhat peculiar.  A value of zero means "timeouts are disabled": the device will not automatically enter standby mode.  Values from 1 to 240 specify multiples of 5 seconds, yielding  timeouts  from 5 seconds to 20 minutes.  Values from 241 to 251 specify from 1 to 11 units of 30 minutes, yielding timeouts from 30 minutes to 5.5 hours.  A value of 252 signifies a timeout of 21 minutes. A value of 253 sets a vendor-defined timeout period between 8 and 12 hours, and the value 254 is reserved.  255 is interpreted as 21 minutes plus 15 seconds.  Note that some  older  drives  may  have very different interpretations of these values.

It may make the system run cooler and power efficient (especially on a Home Server you are rarely using all of the pool drives at the same time).

=Troubleshooting=
==hda-diskmount==
If ''hda-diskmount'' does not mount the hard drive or you prefer to do it manually, complete the following steps:

Create the mount point (choose one '''NOT''' in use) [[Open Terminal as root|in a Terminal, as root]] by executing the following:
<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:  3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 mkdir -p /var/hda/files/drives/drive1
</div></blockquote>
Identify the hard drive to mount and copy the UUID from the output that corresponds to the hard drive (i.e. sdb)
<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:  3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/
</div></blockquote>

:EXAMPLE:
 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 1b8597e0-5d95-4474-b093-53099c8c81c9 -> ../../sda1
 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 1c161033-c695-4291-aba1-257d3987edf7 -> ../../dm-0
 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 b7017251-cb54-438b-92a3-781537c565e6 -> ../../sdb
 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 c1fe62b3-41dc-4a67-8a6b-09f90b7893ba -> ../../dm-1
 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 e0f5a9bd-f52b-431e-89af-61da70659bdd -> ../../dm-2
 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 <span style="color:#FF0000">'''547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979'''</span> -> ../../sdb1

:The UUID for sdX1 (i.e. sdb1 is <span style="color:#FF0000">'''RED'''</span>).
Add the following to the end of ''/etc/fstab'', replacing the UUID as captured in the previous step
<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:  3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 nano /etc/fstab
</div></blockquote>
:EXAMPLE:
 #
 # /etc/fstab
 # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov  9 01:46:39 2013
 #
 # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
 # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
 #
 UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>

:The new entry will be mounted as ''/var/hda/files/drives/drive1'' (i.e. sdb1 in '''<span style="color:#0000FF">BLUE</span>''')

Mount the hard drive
<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:  3px 3px 1em 3px;">
 mount -a
</div></blockquote>
:If all goes well, there should not be any output. If there are errors, stop and diagnose the problem.

Accomplish [[Adding_Hard_Drives_101#Verify/Test|Verify/Test]] step to ensure the hard drive is properly mounted.<br />

Repeat this process for each hard drive to be mounted.

==Partitions > 2.1TB==
If by following this tutorial you are unable to mount hard drives with partitions > 2.1TB, refer to the [[Partitions_Over_2.1_TB|Partitions over 2.1TB]] guidance.

=Help=
If you need assistance, please post in the [https://forums.amahi.org Amahi Forums] or receive '''LIVE''' support on the [http://talk.amahi.org Amahi IRC channel].