More hard drives can be added in your Amahi HDA <center>{{MessageBox|backgroundcolor = #faa|image =Warning.png|heading =WARNING|message = This is recommended only for additional storage space''Advanced'' users, proceed with caution.}}</center><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .8em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 0px 1em;">
We'll detail how to add such hard drives, and how to put them to good use''NOTE:''' The Amahi [https://www.amahi.org/apps/disk-wizard Disk Wizard] application (Amahi 8 or greater '''ONLY''') provides this capability from the Dashboard UI.
</div><br />The purpose of this tutorial is to make partitioning, formatting, and mounting hard drives in the Amahi server simple for those new to Linux. In order to keep this process simple, it's important '''NOT''' to connect additional hard drive(s) until the end of the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Preparation|Preparation]] step. =Important NotesDisclaimer=* [https://www.amahi.org Amahi] cannot be held responsible for any data breakage or destruction arising from the use or misuse of this script. We provide it as a service in good will. You accept this automatically if you use the script. * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table GUID-partitioned] hard drives (such as those previously used in a Mac or have GPT partition tables) are not supported in this tutorial. * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_nano nano] is used as the command-line text editor (refer to [http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/42980/the-beginners-guide-to-nano-the-linux-command-line-text-editor/ beginners guide to nano] as needed).
* This is an '''advanced''' how-to on how to add additional drives to your HDA.=Prerequisites=* Amahi cannot be held responsible for any data breakage or destruction arising from the use or misuse of this script. We provide it [[Open Terminal as root|In a service in good will. You accept this automatically if you use the script.Terminal, as root]], verify disk tools are installed by executing:<br />
Fedora<div style=Step by step instructions="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text-align: left"> dnf -y install pmount fuse fuse-libs ntfs-3g util-linux-ng parted nano</div>
==Make sure your drive is detected by the BIOS==It should be listed in the drives that appear when you boot your computer, before :'''NOTE:''' <code>yum</code> (deprecated) has been replaced with <code>dnf</code> as the package manager for Fedora boot screen appears23 and greater. You can also enter you BIOS and confirm they appear thereUbuntu <div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text-align: left"> sudo apt-get -y install gparted</div>
==Make sure your drive is detected by Fedora==Open a Terminal, and type the following command:'''NOTE:''' Hard drives must be formatted as '''MBR''' not '''GUID/GPT''' for ''hda-diskmount'' to work correctly.
=Preparation=[[Open_Terminal_as_root|In terminal as root]], execute the following to capture current hard drive configuration:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em
; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:
3px 3px 1em 3px;">
ls -
1 l /dev/disk/by-id/
| egrep -v "part|scsi"> before.txt cat before.txt
</div>
Look for the line that match the hard drive you added:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1
IDE and SATA hard drives will start with ''Power 'ata-'OFF'' the HDA and USB install/connect any additional hard drives will start with '''usb-'''drive(s).<br/>Look for your hard drive model and serial number.
Example:=Identify=Power ''ON'' the HDA and collect data about the new hard drive configuration. Again, save this to a text file for reference.
[[Open_Terminal_as_root|In a terminal as root]], execute the following to capture current hard drive configuration:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em
; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:
3px 3px 1em 3px;">
[gb@hda ~]$ ls -
1 l /dev/disk/by-id
/ | egrep -v "part|scsi"<br/>
after.txtata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V<br/>ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65<br/>ata-ST3750640A_3QD0LJN8<br/>ata-ST3750640A_5QD27A57<br/>ata-WDC_WD10EADS-00L5B1_WD-WCAU4C700358<br/>usb-ST310003_33AS_9E1CA6FFFFFF-0:0<br/>usb-ST375064_0A_2009031309E2-0:0 cat after.txt
</div>
==Install prerequisites==:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../../sdb :'''FYI:''' IDE/SATA hard drives will start with '''ata-''' and USB hard drives will start with '''usb-'''.<br/>
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], type =Partition/Format=Compare the following command:difference between before.txt and after.txt to determine the new hard drive(s) device name. This can be done automatically.
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em
; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:
3px 3px 1em 3px;">
yum -y install pmount fuse fuse-libs ntfs-3g gparted diff before.txt after.txt
</div>
==Partition and format the hard drive==:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../../sdb
This step is optionalAt this point, partition and should only be executed format the hard drive(s) if you want to delete the content of your they are new . For hard drive(s) that contain data to be preserved, or if skip to the hard drive has not yet been formatted[[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Mount|Mount]] step.
You should ==Command-line (unless you have a good reason not toFedora) use GParted to ==To partition and format your the hard drive.<br/>From the HDA desktop (or using VNCs), [[Open Terminal substitute sdX with hard drive device name, such as root]] and type ''sdb'gparted''' to launch the GParted application.:
To know what device ([[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> parted /dev/sdX</div></blockquote>Up to 2TB, at the ''(parted)'' prompt, enter:# mklabel msdos (answer ''yes'' if prompted) you need to select in GParted# mkpart primary 0% 100%# quit<br />Greater than 2TB, use at the following command''(parted)'' prompt, in a Terminalenter:# mklabel gpt (answer ''yes'' if prompted)# mkpart primary 0% 100%# quit<br />Verify the new partition was created:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/</div>:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../../sdb <span style="color:#FF0000">'''lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65-part1 -> ../../sdb1'''</span>
The new partition is named sdX1 (i.e. sdb1 in <span style="color:#FF0000">'''RED'''</span>). Format the partition, execute (can substitute ext3):<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em
; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:
3px 3px 1em 3px;">
ls mkfs.ext4 -
l j /dev/
disk/by-id/sdX1</div
></blockquote>
Find Repeat the row corresponding to your [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Partition/Format|Partition/Format]] step for each hard drive, to be partitioned and look at the end of the line to identify the correct device to select in GPartedformatted.
Example:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">=GParted (Ubuntu)==From the HDA desktop (or using VNC), [[gb@hda ~Open_Terminal_as_root|In a terminal as root]$ <strong>ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/</strong><br/>total 0<br/>lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda<br/>lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../.] and type '''gparted''' to launch the application./sda1<br/>lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../../<strong>sdb</strong></div>
In the above example, Here's a general introduction on [http:/dev/sdb would be what I would select in GPartedwww. sda in my primary hard drive, and sdb my second hard driveyoutube.com/watch?v=vdWkdrnNGRg YouTube]. Just use ''ext3'' or ''ext4'' instead of ''fat32'' if you follow that tutorial.
You'll probably want to create a single partitionFor drives > 2.0 TB, and format it as ''ext3''.<br/>following these steps:Note that Windows can't read ext3 partitions, so if you want to read your * Choose hard disk on Windows, you should format as NTFS instea, and you should do that on Windows before you connect in the drive in your HDAdropdown menu (top right)* Select Device > Create Partition Table...<br/>Advanced > (Choose 'gpt')Remember that using NTFS partitions on Linux will be slower that using ext3 partitions, so you should only use NTFS if you really need it.* Create partition
There are many easy to follow guides online on how to use GParted. You should Google for one, to find one that seems clear to you.<br/>
[http://www.mepisguides.com/Mepis-6/Install/gparted/gparted-set-partition.html Here's one] that looks simple. Just use ext3 instead of fat32 in you follow that tutorial.
==Mount :<b>NOTE:</b> [http://gparted.org GParted] supports GUID-partitioned drives, however, the hard drive==hda-mount script do not support currently.
A script is provided with Amahi that will look Repeat the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Partition/Format|Partition/Format]] step for unmounted partitions in your system, each hard drive to be partitioned and mount any it findsformatted.
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], type =Mount=Mount the following command:hard drive(s)/partition(s) for use in the HDA.
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color'''NOTE: ''' If you prefer not to use ''hda-diskmount'', refer to [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#000; backgroundhda-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">diskmount|Troubleshooting ''hda-diskmount</div>]].
Example[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following(it will create drive1, drive2, etc and mount the hard drive(s) automatically):<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em
; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:
3px 3px 1em 3px;">
[root@hda ~]$ hda-diskmount
<br/><nowiki>****************************************************************</nowiki><br/>Ignoring /dev/sda1 - already in /etc/fstab or mounted<br/><nowiki>****************************************************************</nowiki><br/>Mounted /dev/<strong style="color:green">sdb1</strong> as '<strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/sdb1</strong>' (read-write)<br/> You may want your system to mount it every time you boot.<br/> To do so, add this line VERY CAREFULLY to /etc/fstab and reboot:<br/> <strong style="color:blue">/dev/sdb1 /var/hda/files/drives/sdb1 ext4 defaults 1 2</strong><br/><nowiki>****************************************************************</nowiki><br/>All Linux, Windows and Mac partitions on non-removable disks have been mounted<br/></div>
Do '''not''' edit :EXAMPLE: **************************************************************** Ignoring /dev/sda1 - already in /etc/fstab just yet. What youor mounted **************************************************************** Mounted /dev/<strong style="color:green">sdb1</strong> as '<strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/drive1</strong>'ll need (read-write) You may want your system to mount it every time you boot. To do so, add there will depend on how you want this line VERY CAREFULLY to use the extra storage. More about that below./etc/fstab and reboot: <strong style="color:blue">UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2<br/strong>Just note down the information in bold (green **************************************************************** All Linux, red Windows and blue). We'll use them below.Mac partitions on non-removable disks have been mounted
If you get something like The line in <span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table'</span> is what you need to copy and add to the bottom of ' or '/etc/fstab'mount: unknown file system type 'lvm2pv. This is ''' its because you have LVMREQUIRED's that 'fdisk' can not recognize for the hard drive(or something similars). It's nothing to worry about if you get that when executing the hda-diskmount scriptbe permanently mounted.
==Test your There will be multiple lines for multiple hard drive==Optionally, (s) added. Ensure you can test your new drive for bad blocks.To do so, [[Open Terminal as root|copy and add '''ONLY''' those which were not present in a Terminal, as root]], type the following command''before. Replace <strong style="color:green">sdb1</strong> with the (green) value you received from hda-diskmounttxt'' file.
<div style="border: 1px solid The new hard drive storage space can be used for [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: All Shares|All Shares]], [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#000; background-color: Some Shares|Some Shares]], or the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">e2fsck -cn /dev/<strong style="color:green">sdb1</strong></div>Greyhole Storage Pool|Greyhole Storage Pool]]. Follow the guidance below based on desired usage for each hard drive.
You==All Shares==Host 'll receive a warning that says "WARNING!!! Running e2fsck on a mounted filesystem may cause SEVERE filesystem damage. Do you really want to continue (y/n)?"<br/>Answer ''yesALL''. The -cn option we're using can safely be used shares on mounted filesystemsthe new hard drive.
Move all the shares data to the new drive, replacing path in '''<span style==Get your partition UUID==Each partition in Linux can be identified "color: red;">RED</span>''' with a unique identifier. This identifier, the UUID, is what youpath from the ''hda-diskmount'' output line in <span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''ll want to use to permanently mount your new partition</span>.<br />
To get the UUID of your new partition[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute this command in a Terminal. Replace <strong style="colorthe following:green">sdb1</strong> with the (green) value you received from hda-diskmount.
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
ls -l mv /devvar/diskhda/by-uuidfiles/ | grep * <strong style="color:greenred">sdb1/var/hda/files/drives/drive1/</strong>
</div>
Example:'''NOTE:''' There may be a '''WARNING''' that can be ignored indicating ''/var/hda/files/drives cannot be moved to a subdirectory of itself''. Unmount the new hard drive:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
[gb@ umount /var/hda ~]$ /files/drives/drive1/<strong/div>ls -l Mount the new hard drive permanently as ''/devvar/diskhda/files'' by-uuidediting ''/ | grep sdb1<etc/strong>fstab'':<br/>lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-02-18 03color: #E6F2FF; margin:24 9d972abc-1639-44df-a60e-668618d40236 - 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> .. nano /..etc/sdb1fstab
</div>
Add the line to ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the ''hda-diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>''' and change the second value (path) to ''/var/hda/files''.
In the example above, my :EXAMPLE hda-diskmount output (Original): <span style="color: blue;">UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 <strong>/var/hda/files/drives/drive1</strong> ext4 defaults 1 2</span>:EXAMPLE hda-diskmount output (Modified): UUID is '''9d972abc=547b073d-1639e591-44df4913-a60eb4fb-668618d40236'''. Note that down.7c5084353979 <strong>/var/hda/files</strong> ext4 defaults 1 2
:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=Use 087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>Finally, execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mount -a ls /var/hda/files/</div>The last command will display contents of the new hard drive==. All shares are now located on the new hard drive.
You have a choice here ==Some Shares==Host '''SOME''' shares on how to use your the new hard drive storage space. We'll offer some examples.
===Use Move some shares data to the hard new drive for all sharesby executing the following command (replace path in '''<span style="color: red;">RED</span>''' with the path from the ''hda-diskmount'' output line in <span style==If you want all your shares "color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</span>; sharename will be the share to move to be on your the new hard drive, here's how to do that).<br />
First, you'll need to move all you shares data into your new drive.<br/>[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], type execute the following command. Replace the path in red with the path you received when you ran hda-diskmount.:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
mv /var/hda/files/* <strong>sharename</strong> <strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/sdb1drive1/</strong>
</div>
You'll get a warning about "cannot move `/var/hda/files/drives' Repeat the process with every share to a subdirectory of itself"; that is fine, ignore thatbe moved to the new drive.
Next, you'll need to unmount your Unmount the new hard drive, and remount it as : <div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> umount /var/hda/files/drives/drive1</div>
Mount the new hard drive permanently by editing ''/etc/fstab'': <div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em
; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:
3px 3px 1em 3px;">
umount /var/hda/files/drives nano /
sdb1etc/
fstab
</div>
Add the line to ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the ''hda-diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>'''.
:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab:
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0
UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0
<span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>
Verify the hard drive(s)/partition(s) configuration is correct in ''/etc/fstab''.
Next, execute the following:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
nano mount -a ls /etcvar/fstabhda/files/drives/drive1
</div>
The last command will display contents of the new hard drive. All shares are now located on the new hard drive.
In nano, you'll need to add a new line at the bottom. Take the line that hda-diskmount gave you (the blue one), and change the first two values.''<u>HDA Dashboard Update</u><br/>'''Instead The location of /dev/sdb1, enter each share that was moved to the new hard drive will need updated. Select '''UUID='Setup'' followed by the UUID you found earlier.<br/>Replace the second value with '''/var/hda/files'Shares''section. Expand each share that was moved individually and change the location (path) accordingly.
hda-diskmount gave me:For example, the original movies location was <div span style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;red">/var/hda/files/movies</span> but the new location might be <strong span style="color:blue">/dev/sdb1 /var/hda/files/drives/sdb1 ext4 defaults 1 2drive1/movies</strongspan>. Repeat for any other shares that you have moved to the new hard drive. Verify these shares are accessible from another machine within your network.<'''NOTE:''' If any services depend on the location of a moved share, ensure they are configured to use the new share location. For example, if [https://www.amahi.org/apps/div>dlna DLNA] is installed, check the configuration file to verify it can find the new share location. Secondly, validate that that all such services start correctly and behave as expected. If the service doesn't start, it may be that it's looking for a specific share location during the service start up. ==Greyhole Storage Pool==Use new hard drive for [[Storage_pooling|Greyhole Storage Pool]].
So I should add this instead[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], mount the new hard drive permanently by editing ''/etc/fstab'':<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em
; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:
3px 3px 1em 3px;">
<strong>UUID=9d972abc-1639-44df-a60e-668618d40236< nano /
strong> <strong>etc/
var/hda/files</strong> ext4 defaults 1 2fstab</div>
Add the line to ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the ''hda-diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>'''.
:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab:
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0
UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0
<span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>
Verify the hard drive(s)/partition(s) configuration is correct in ''/etc/fstab''.
Make sure you do '''not''' change anything else from the blue line you received from hda-diskmount.<br/>It might not be the same thing as the above example; oyu need Refer to [[Greyhole#Amahi 6|Greyhole (Amahi 6)]] for Ubuntu or [[Greyhole#Amahi 7|Greyhole (Amahi 7)]] for Fedora to use configure the values you've received[[Storage_pooling|Greyhole Storage Pool]].
Save and exit nano (CTRL-X, Y, ENTER), and try your new mount:=Verify/Test=Verify the hard drive/partition is mounted.
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em
; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:
3px 3px 1em 3px;">
mount df -
a<br/>ls /var/hda/files/drives/sdb1h
</div>
That last command should show you the content of you new hard drive:EXAMPLE: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda5 16G 4.3G 11G 30% / devtmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev tmpfs 498M 84K 498M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 498M 364K 498M 1% /run tmpfs 498M 0 498M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 498M 1.1M 497M 1% /tmp /dev/sda1 190M 75M 102M 43% /boot /dev/sdb1 917G 398G 473G 46% /var/hda/files/drives/drive1
That'The hard drive(s it. All your shares in /var/hda/files are now on your new ) and the mount point (path) should be listed for each hard driveadded. If not, then further investigation will be needed to determine the problem.<br />
=Tips==Use the hard drive for only some shares=Mount Order==If you want only some of your shares The following guide will outline how to be manually order hard drives and mount them automatically on your new hard drive, here's how to do thatboot.
First, you'll need to move your shares data, if any, into your new drive.<br/>[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], type executing the following command. Replace to obtain the path in red with the path you received when you ran hda-diskmount. Replace '''something''' with the name of the share you want to have on your new UUID for each hard drive (the share should already exists).:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
mv /var/hda/files/<strong>something</strong> <strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/sdb1/</strong> blkid
</div>
:EXAMPLE:
/dev/sda1: LABEL="Seagate-Alpha2TB" UUID="55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="Seagate-Beta2TB" UUID="5bd5498f-30c1-4780-948e-ca46656507d2" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdc1: LABEL="WD-Charlie2TB" UUID="a7337504-376a-4d36-9f7a-1a24c0f55fbd" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdd1: LABEL="WD-Delta2TB" UUID="8d881dcb-8de3-4621-b9bd-00025196868a" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sde1: LABEL="root" UUID="4d6f8004-d190-4234-a03b-b68de988abf0" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sde3: LABEL="home" UUID="d0531fa1-9311-4d53-b838-f35898adbd98" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sde5: LABEL="swap" UUID="3c39206c-ba60-47ff-a1fe-f5821b2ab543" TYPE="swap"
Repeat with every share you want on your new In this case, there are four data drives (sda1, sdb1, sdc1, sdd1) and the Operating system assigned to a fifth drive, sde.
Next, youTake note of the UUID'll need s for each drive. Easiest to make cut and paste UUID's straight from the mount permanentterminal.
Edit ''/etc/fstab'' to mount each drive:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
umount /var/hda/files/drives/sdb1<br/> nano /etc/fstab
</div>
Then '''very carefully''' add the following line for each disk into the end of the fstab file. Ensure correct UUID, hard drive number and hard drive file system (ext4 in this case) are added.
:EXAMPLE:
UUID=55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2
It should look something like the following when lines are added for each of the five drives in this example.
In nano, you'll need to add a new line at the bottom:EXAMPLE: # Mounting Greyhole Drives for Drive Pool. Take the line that # # Drive1 = Seagate-Alpha2TB in Microserver Bay 1 from left UUID=55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive2 = Seagate-Beta2TB in Microserver Bay 2 from left UUID=5bd5498f-30c1-4780-diskmount gave you (the blue one), and change the first value only.<br948e-ca46656507d2 /var/hda/files/drives/>drive2 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive3 = WD-Charlie2TB in Microserver Bay 3 from left Instead of UUID=a7337504-376a-4d36-9f7a-1a24c0f55fbd /var/hda/devfiles/sdb1, enter '''drives/drive3 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive4 = WD-Delta2TB in Microserver Bay 4 from left UUID=''' followed by the 8d881dcb-8de3-4621-b9bd-00025196868a /var/hda/files/drives/drive4 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive5 = 250GB OS Drive mounted in Optical Drive bay UUID you found earlier.="4d6f8004-d190-4234-a03b-b68de988abf0 /var/hda/files/drives/drive5 ext4 defaults 1 2 # #
In nano, you:'''NOTE:''ll need to add a new line at ' Lines beginning with # are comments where the bottom. Take remainder of the line that hda-diskmount gave you (the blue one), and add it as-is:ignored
hda-diskmount gave meVerify there are no issues by executing the following:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
<strong style="color:blue">/dev/sdb1 /var/hda/files/drives/sdb1 ext4 defaults 1 2</strong> mount -a
</div>
If there are errors,most likely a line was not added properly. If this is not corrected, the machine may not boot and hang trying to mount the hard drives!
So I should add thisOnce there are no errors, reboot machine:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
<strong>UUID=9d972abc-1639-44df-a60e-668618d40236</strong> /var/hda/files/drives/sdb1 ext4 defaults 1 2 reboot
</div>
Verify the hard drives have successfully mounted in the '''HDA Dashboard'''.
Save and exit nano If all drives mounted successfully, it should look something like this (CTRL-X, Y, ENTERUbuntu), and try your new mount:
:EXAMPLE:
[[File:Gstreet_greyhole_pool.png|options|caption]]
==Bad Blocks==
Optionally, you can test your new drive for bad blocks.<br/>
:'''NOTE:''' This can take a ''long'' time to complete! Recommend starting it in the evening so it will be completed the next day.
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute following command (replace '''sdb1''' with the (<strong style="color:blue">BLUE</strong>) value you received from ''hda-diskmount''):
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
mount e2fsck -a<brcn />ls /var/hda/files/drivesdev/'''sdb1'''
</div>
You'll receive a message stating '''WARNING!!!''' ''Running e2fsck on a mounted filesystem may cause SEVERE filesystem damage. Do you really want to continue (y/n)?''<br/>
Answer ''yes''. The <code>-cn</code> option we're using can safely be used on mounted file systems.
==Spin Down Hard Drives==
Low power is a good thing to have in servers. If you do not use your server very often, you may want to force the hard drives to spin down faster than the default. Here is how.
First ensure ''hdparm'' package is installed:
sudo dnf install hdparm
To force to spin down after 10 minutes of being idle, add these lines to <code>/etc/rc.local</code>:
<pre>
# power drives down after 10 minutes idle
/sbin/hdparm -S120 /dev/sda
/sbin/hdparm -S120 /dev/sdb
...
</pre>
Most drives will power down on their own without doing this.
Once stopped, the drive may take as long as 30 seconds to respond to a subsequent disk access, though most drives are much quicker. The encoding of the -S timeout value is somewhat peculiar. A value of zero means "timeouts are disabled": the device will not automatically enter standby mode. Values from 1 to 240 specify multiples of 5 seconds, yielding timeouts from 5 seconds to 20 minutes. Values from 241 to 251 specify from 1 to 11 units of 30 minutes, yielding timeouts from 30 minutes to 5.5 hours. A value of 252 signifies a timeout of 21 minutes. A value of 253 sets a vendor-defined timeout period between 8 and 12 hours, and the value 254 is reserved. 255 is interpreted as 21 minutes plus 15 seconds. Note that some older drives may have very different interpretations of these values.
It may make the system run cooler and power efficient (especially on a Home Server you are rarely using all of the pool drives at the same time).
=Troubleshooting=
==hda-diskmount==
If ''hda-diskmount'' does not mount the hard drive or you prefer to do it manually, complete the following steps:
Create the mount point (choose one '''NOT''' in use) [[Open Terminal as root|in a Terminal, as root]] by executing the following:
<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
mkdir -p /var/hda/files/drives/drive1
</div></blockquote>
Identify the hard drive to mount and copy the UUID from the output that corresponds to the hard drive (i.e. sdb)
<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/
</div></blockquote>
:EXAMPLE:
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 1b8597e0-5d95-4474-b093-53099c8c81c9 -> ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 1c161033-c695-4291-aba1-257d3987edf7 -> ../../dm-0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 b7017251-cb54-438b-92a3-781537c565e6 -> ../../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 c1fe62b3-41dc-4a67-8a6b-09f90b7893ba -> ../../dm-1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 e0f5a9bd-f52b-431e-89af-61da70659bdd -> ../../dm-2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 <span style="color:#FF0000">'''547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979'''</span> -> ../../sdb1
:The UUID for sdX1 (i.e. sdb1 is <span style="color:#FF0000">'''RED'''</span>).
Add the following to the end of ''/etc/fstab'', replacing the UUID as captured in the previous step
<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
nano /etc/fstab
</div></blockquote>
:EXAMPLE:
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0
UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0
<span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>
:The new entry will be mounted as ''/var/hda/files/drives/drive1'' (i.e. sdb1 in '''<span style="color:#0000FF">BLUE</span>''')
Mount the hard drive
<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
mount -a
</div></blockquote>
:If all goes well, there should not be any output. If there are errors, stop and diagnose the problem.
Accomplish [[Adding_Hard_Drives_101#Verify/Test|Verify/Test]] step to ensure the hard drive is properly mounted.<br />
Repeat this process for each hard drive to be mounted.
That last command should show ==Partitions > 2.1TB==If by following this tutorial you are unable to mount hard drives with partitions > 2.1TB, refer to the content of you new hard drive[[Partitions_Over_2.1_TB|Partitions over 2.1TB]] guidance.
That=Help=If you need assistance, please post in the [https://forums.amahi.org Amahi Forums] or receive '''LIVE''s it' support on the [http://talk. Your share(s) are now on your new hard driveamahi.org Amahi IRC channel].
