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More hard drives can be added in your Amahi HDA <center>{{MessageBox|backgroundcolor = #faa|image =Warning.png|heading =WARNING|message = This is recommended only for additional storage space''Advanced'' users, proceed with caution.}}</center><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .8em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 0px 1em;">
We'll detail how to add such hard drives, and how to put them to good use''NOTE:''' The Amahi [https://www.amahi.org/apps/disk-wizard Disk Wizard] application (Amahi 8 or greater '''ONLY''') provides this capability from the Dashboard UI.
=Important Notes=</div><br />The purpose of this tutorial is to make partitioning, formatting, and mounting hard drives in the Amahi server simple for those new to Linux.  In order to keep this process simple, it's important '''NOT''' to connect additional hard drive(s) until the end of the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Preparation|Preparation]] step.
=Disclaimer=* This is an '''advanced''' how-to on how to add additional drives to your HDA[https://www.amahi.* org Amahi ] cannot be held responsible for any data breakage or destruction arising from the use or misuse of this script. We provide it as a service in good will. You accept this automatically if you use the script.
=Step by step instructions=* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table GUID-partitioned] hard drives (such as those previously used in a Mac or have GPT partition tables) are not supported in this tutorial.
==Make sure your drive * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_nano nano] is detected by used as the BIOS==It should be listed in command-line text editor (refer to [http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/42980/the drives that appear when you boot your computer, before -beginners-guide-to-nano-the Fedora boot screen appears. You can also enter you BIOS and confirm they appear there-linux-command-line-text-editor/ beginners guide to nano] as needed).
==Make sure your drive is detected by Fedora=Prerequisites=[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, and type the following commandas root]], verify disk tools are installed by executing:<br />
Fedora<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text-align: left"> dnf -y install pmount fuse fuse-libs ntfs-3g util-linux-ng parted nano</div> :'''NOTE:''' <code>yum</code> (deprecated) has been replaced with <code>dnf</code> as the package manager for Fedora 23 and greater.Ubuntu <div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;text-align: left"> sudo apt-get -y install gparted</div> :'''NOTE:''' Hard drives must be formatted as '''MBR''' not '''GUID/GPT''' for ''hda-diskmount'' to work correctly. =Preparation=[[Open_Terminal_as_root|In terminal as root]], execute the following to capture current hard drive configuration:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> ls -1 l /dev/disk/by-id/ | egrep -v "part|scsi"> before.txt cat before.txt
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Look for the line that match the hard drive you added:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1
IDE and SATA hard drives will start with ''Power 'ata-'OFF'' the HDA and USB install/connect any additional hard drives will start with '''usb-'''drive(s).<br/>Look for your hard drive model and serial number.
Example:=Identify=Power ''ON'' the HDA and collect data about the new hard drive configuration. Again, save this to a text file for reference.
[[Open_Terminal_as_root|In a terminal as root]], execute the following to capture current hard drive configuration:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">[gb@hda ~]$ ls -1 l /dev/disk/by-id/ | egrep -v "part|scsi"<br/>after.txtata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V<br/>ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65<br/>ata-ST3750640A_3QD0LJN8<br/>ata-ST3750640A_5QD27A57<br/>ata-WDC_WD10EADS-00L5B1_WD-WCAU4C700358<br/>usb-ST310003_33AS_9E1CA6FFFFFF-0:0<br/>usb-ST375064_0A_2009031309E2-0:0 cat after.txt
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==Install prerequisites==:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../../sdb
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], type the following (two) commands:'''FYI:''' IDE/SATA hard drives will start with '''ata-''' and USB hard drives will start with '''usb-'''.<br/>
=Partition/Format=Compare the difference between before.txt and after.txt to determine the new hard drive(s) device name. This can be done automatically. [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text-align: left">yum -y install pmount fuse fuse-libs ntfs-3g gparted<br/><br/>wget -q -O /usr/sbin/hda-diskmount2 http://dl diff before.dropboxtxt after.com/u/3022105/Amahi/hda-diskmount2 && chmod +x /usr/sbin/hda-diskmount2txt
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==Partition :EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../../sdb At this point, partition and format the hard drive(s) if they are new. For hard drive(s) that contain data to be preserved, skip to the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Mount|Mount]] step. ==Command-line (Fedora)==To partition the hard drive(s), substitute sdX with hard drive device name, such as ''sdb'':
This step is optional[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, and should only be executed as root]], execute the following:<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> parted /dev/sdX</div></blockquote>Up to 2TB, at the ''(parted)'' prompt, enter:# mklabel msdos (answer ''yes'' if you want to delete prompted)# mkpart primary 0% 100%# quit<br />Greater than 2TB, at the content of your new hard drive''(parted)'' prompt, or enter:# mklabel gpt (answer ''yes'' if prompted)# mkpart primary 0% 100%# quit<br />Verify the hard drive has not yet been formattednew partition was created:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/</div>:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../../sdb <span style="color:#FF0000">'''lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65-part1 -> ../../sdb1'''</span>
You should The new partition is named sdX1 (unless you have a good reason not to) use GParted to partition and format your hard drivei.e.sdb1 in <br/span style="color:#FF0000">From the HDA desktop (or using VNC), [[Open Terminal as root]] and type '''gpartedRED''' to launch the GParted application</span>).
To know what device Format the partition, execute (can substitute ext3):<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mkfs.ext4 -j /dev/sdX) you need to select in GParted, use the following command, in a Terminal:sdX1</div></blockquote>
<div style="border: 1px solid Repeat the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">ls -l Partition/devFormat|Partition/disk/by-id/</div>Format]] step for each hard drive to be partitioned and formatted.
Find ==GParted (Ubuntu)==From the row corresponding to your hard driveHDA desktop (or using VNC), [[Open_Terminal_as_root|In a terminal as root]] and look at the end of the line type '''gparted''' to identify launch the correct device to select in GPartedapplication.
Example:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">Here's a general introduction on [gb@hda ~]$ <strong>ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/</strong><br/>total 0<br/>lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03http:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda<br/>lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdWkdrnNGRg YouTube].Just use ''ext3'' or ''ext4'' instead of ''fat32'' if you follow that tutorial./sda1<br/>lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../../<strong>sdb</strong></div>
In the above exampleFor drives > 2.0 TB, /dev/sdb would be what I would select following these steps:* Choose hard disk in GPartedthe dropdown menu (top right)* Select Device > Create Partition Table.. sda in my primary hard drive, and sdb my second hard drive.> Advanced > (Choose 'gpt')* Create partition
You'll probably want to create a single partition, and format it as ''ext3''.<br/>
Note that Windows can't read ext3 partitions, so if you want to read your disk on Windows, you should format as NTFS instea, and you should do that on Windows before you connect the drive in your HDA.<br/>
Remember that using NTFS partitions on Linux will be slower that using ext3 partitions, so you should only use NTFS if you really need it.<br/>
How much slower: compare the blue bars (NTFS-3G) with the red bars (ext3) on [http://www.tuxera.com/products/tuxera-ntfs-commercial/performance/ this graph].<br/>
'''Be sure to read the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#NTFS_partitions|last section about NTFS]] on this page if you use a NTFS partition!'''
There are many easy to follow guides online on how to use GParted. You should Google for one, to find one that seems clear to you.:<b>NOTE:<br/b> [http://wwwgparted.mepisguides.com/Mepisorg GParted] supports GUID-6/Install/gparted/gparted-setpartitioned drives, however, the hda-partition.html Here's one] that looks simple. Just use ext3 instead of fat32 in you follow that tutorialmount script do not support currently.
==Mount Repeat the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Partition/Format|Partition/Format]] step for each hard drive==to be partitioned and formatted.
A script is provided with Amahi that will look =Mount=Mount the hard drive(s)/partition(s) for unmounted partitions use in your system, and mount any it findsthe HDA.
:'''NOTE:''' If you prefer not to use ''hda-diskmount'', refer to [[Open Terminal as rootAdding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#hda-diskmount|In a Terminal, as rootTroubleshooting ''hda-diskmount]], type the following command:.
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following(it will create drive1, drive2, etc and mount the hard drive(s) automatically):<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> hda-diskmount2diskmount
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Example:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text-alignEXAMPLE: left;">[root@hda ~]$ hda-diskmount2<br/><nowiki> ****************************************************************</nowiki><br/> Ignoring /dev/sda1 - already in /etc/fstab or mounted<br/><nowiki> ****************************************************************</nowiki><br/> Mounted /dev/<strong style="color:green">sdb1</strong> as '<strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/sdb1drive1</strong>' (read-write)<br/> You may want your system to mount it every time you boot.<br/> To do so, add this line VERY CAREFULLY to /etc/fstab and reboot:<br/> <strong style="color:blue">UUID=9d972abc547b073d-1639e591-44df4913-a60eb4fb-668618d40236 7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/sdb1 drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2</strong><br/><nowiki> ****************************************************************</nowiki><br/> All Linux, Windows and Mac partitions on non-removable disks have been mounted The line in <br/span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</divspan>is what you need to copy and add to the bottom of ''/etc/fstab''. This is '''REQUIRED''' for the hard drive(s) to be permanently mounted.
Do There will be multiple lines for multiple hard drive(s) added. Ensure you copy and add '''ONLY''' those which were notpresent in the ''' edit /etc/fstab just yetbefore. What youtxt'll need to add there will depend on how you want to use the extra storage. More about that below.<br/>Just note down the information in bold (green, red and blue). We'll use them belowfile.
If you get something like ''Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table'' or ''mount: unknown file system type 'lvm2pv''' its because you have LVM's that 'fdisk' The new hard drive storage space can not recognize (be used for [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#All Shares|All Shares]], [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Some Shares|Some Shares]], or something similar)the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Greyhole Storage Pool|Greyhole Storage Pool]]. It's nothing to worry about if you get that when executing Follow the hda-diskmount2 scriptguidance below based on desired usage for each hard drive.
==Test your hard driveAll Shares==Optionally, you can test your new drive for bad blocks.<br/>Note that this step can take a Host '''longALL'' time to complete! You'll probably want to start it in shares on the evening, to have it completed in the morningnew hard drive.
To do soMove all the shares data to the new drive, [[Open Terminal as root|replacing path in a Terminal, as root]], type the following command. Replace '''<strong span style="color:greenred;">sdb1RED</strongspan> ''' with the (green) value you received path from the ''hda-diskmount2diskmount'' output line in <span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</span>.<br />
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
e2fsck -cn mv /devvar/hda/files/* <strong style="color:greenred">sdb1/var/hda/files/drives/drive1/</strong>
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You:'''NOTE:'''ll receive a warning that says "WARNING!!! Running e2fsck on There may be a mounted filesystem may cause SEVERE filesystem damage. Do you really want to continue (y/n)?"<br/>Answer ''yes'WARNING''. The -cn option we're using that can safely be used on mounted filesystemsignored indicating ''/var/hda/files/drives cannot be moved to a subdirectory of itself''.
==Use Unmount the new hard drive:<div style=="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> umount /var/hda/files/drives/drive1/</div>You have a choice here on how to use your Mount the new hard drive storage spacepermanently as ''/var/hda/files'' by editing ''/etc/fstab'':<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: . We5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div>Add the line to ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the ''hda-diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>''' and change the second value (path) to ''/var/hda/files''ll offer some examples.
:EXAMPLE hda-diskmount output (Original): <span style="color: blue;">UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 <strong>/var/hda/files/drives/drive1</strong> ext4 defaults 1 2</span>:EXAMPLE hda-diskmount output (Modified): UUID=Use the hard drive for all shares===If you want all your shares to be on your new hard drive, here's how to do that.547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 <strong>/var/hda/files</strong> ext4 defaults 1 2
First:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, youare maintained under 'll want to move all you previous shares data/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), if anyfindfs(8), into your new drive.mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 <br/span style="color:#0000FF">You only need to do this next command if you have data that you care about in the '''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/* folders.ext4 defaults 1 2'''<br/span>[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]]Finally, type execute the following command. Replace the path in red with the path you received when you ran hda-diskmount2.:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
mv mount -a ls /var/hda/files/* <strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/sdb1/</strong>
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YouThe last command will display contents of the new hard drive. All shares are now located on the new hard drive. ==Some Shares==Host '''SOME'll get a warning about "cannot move `/var/hda/files/drives' to a subdirectory of itself"; that is fine, ignore that' shares on the new hard drive.
Next, you'll need Move some shares data to unmount your the new hard drive, and remount it as by executing the following command (replace path in '''<span style="color: red;">RED</varspan>''' with the path from the ''hda-diskmount'' output line in <span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</hdaspan>; sharename will be the share to move to the new drive).<br /files>
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
umount mv /var/hda/files/<strong>sharename</strong> <strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/sdb1drive1/</strong>
</div>
Repeat the process with every share to be moved to the new drive.
Unmount the new hard drive:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
nano umount /etcvar/fstabhda/files/drives/drive1
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In nano, youMount the new hard drive permanently by editing ''/etc/fstab''ll need to add a new line at the bottom: <div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: . Take 5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div>Add the line that to ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the ''hda-diskmount2 gave you diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>'''.:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(the blue one8), mount(8) and change the second value /or blkid(the path8).for more info # UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 <br/span style="color:#0000FF">Replace the second value with '''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>Verify the hard drive(s)/partition(s) configuration is correct in ''/etc/fstab''.
hda-diskmount2 gave meNext, execute the following:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
<span style="color:blue">UUID=9d972abc mount -1639-44df-a60e-668618d40236 <strong>a ls /var/hda/files/drives/sdb1</strong> ext4 defaults 1 2</span>drive1
</div>
The last command will display contents of the new hard drive. All shares are now located on the new hard drive.
So I should add this instead'''<u>HDA Dashboard Update</u><br />'''The location of each share that was moved to the new hard drive will need updated. Select ''Setup'' followed by the ''Shares'' section. Expand each share that was moved individually and change the location (path) accordingly.  For example, the original movies location was <span style="color:red">/var/hda/files/movies</span> but the new location might be <span style="color:blue">/var/hda/files/drives/drive1/movies</span>. Repeat for any other shares that you have moved to the new hard drive. Verify these shares are accessible from another machine within your network. '''NOTE:''' If any services depend on the location of a moved share, ensure they are configured to use the new share location. For example, if [https://www.amahi.org/apps/dlna DLNA] is installed, check the configuration file to verify it can find the new share location. Secondly, validate that that all such services start correctly and behave as expected. If the service doesn't start, it may be that it's looking for a specific share location during the service start up. ==Greyhole Storage Pool==Use new hard drive for [[Storage_pooling|Greyhole Storage Pool]]. [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], mount the new hard drive permanently by editing ''/etc/fstab'':<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">UUID=9d972abc-1639-44df-a60e-668618d40236 <strong>/var/hda nano /files<etc/strong> ext4 defaults 1 2fstab
</div>
Add the line to ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the ''hda-diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>'''.
:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab:
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0
UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0
<span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>
Verify the hard drive(s)/partition(s) configuration is correct in ''/etc/fstab''.
Make sure you do '''not''' change anything else from the blue line you received from hda-diskmount2.<br/>It might not be the same thing as the above example; you need Refer to [[Greyhole#Amahi 6|Greyhole (Amahi 6)]] for Ubuntu or [[Greyhole#Amahi 7|Greyhole (Amahi 7)]] for Fedora to use configure the values you've received[[Storage_pooling|Greyhole Storage Pool]].
Save and exit nano (CTRL-X, Y, ENTER), and try your new mount:=Verify/Test=Verify the hard drive/partition is mounted.
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">mount df -a<br/>ls /var/hda/files/h
</div>
That last command should show you the content of you new hard drive:EXAMPLE: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda5 16G 4.3G 11G 30% / devtmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev tmpfs 498M 84K 498M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 498M 364K 498M 1% /run tmpfs 498M 0 498M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 498M 1.1M 497M 1% /tmp /dev/sda1 190M 75M 102M 43% /boot /dev/sdb1 917G 398G 473G 46% /var/hda/files/drives/drive1
That'The hard drive(s it. All your shares in /var/hda/files are now on your new ) and the mount point (path) should be listed for each hard driveadded. If not, then further investigation will be needed to determine the problem.<br />
=Tips==Use the hard drive for only some shares=Mount Order==If you want only some of your shares The following guide will outline how to be manually order hard drives and mount them automatically on your new hard drive, here's how to do thatboot.
First, you'll want to move your previous shares data, if any, into your new drive.<br/>You only need to do this next command if you have data that you care about in the /var/hda/files/* folders (that you want on the new drive).<br/>[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], type executing the following command. Replace the path in red with the path you received when you ran hda-diskmount2. Replace '''something''' with the name of to obtain the share you want to have on your new UUID for each hard drive (the share should already exists).:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
mv /var/hda/files/<strong>something</strong> <strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/sdb1/</strong> blkid
</div>
:EXAMPLE:
/dev/sda1: LABEL="Seagate-Alpha2TB" UUID="55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="Seagate-Beta2TB" UUID="5bd5498f-30c1-4780-948e-ca46656507d2" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdc1: LABEL="WD-Charlie2TB" UUID="a7337504-376a-4d36-9f7a-1a24c0f55fbd" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdd1: LABEL="WD-Delta2TB" UUID="8d881dcb-8de3-4621-b9bd-00025196868a" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sde1: LABEL="root" UUID="4d6f8004-d190-4234-a03b-b68de988abf0" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sde3: LABEL="home" UUID="d0531fa1-9311-4d53-b838-f35898adbd98" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sde5: LABEL="swap" UUID="3c39206c-ba60-47ff-a1fe-f5821b2ab543" TYPE="swap"
Repeat with every share you want on your new In this case, there are four data drives (sda1, sdb1, sdc1, sdd1) and the Operating system assigned to a fifth drive, sde.
Next, youTake note of the UUID'll need s for each drive. Easiest to make cut and paste UUID's straight from the mount permanentterminal.
Edit ''/etc/fstab'' to mount each drive:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
umount /var/hda/files/drives/sdb1<br/> nano /etc/fstab
</div>
Then '''very carefully''' add the following line for each disk into the end of the fstab file. Ensure correct UUID, hard drive number and hard drive file system (ext4 in this case) are added.
In nano, you'll need to add a new line at the bottom. Take the line that :EXAMPLE: UUID=55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f /var/hda-diskmount2 gave you, and insert that.<br/>files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2
So, It should look something like the following previous examples, I should add when lines are added for each of the five drives in this:example.
:EXAMPLE: # Mounting Greyhole Drives for Drive Pool. # # Drive1 = Seagate-Alpha2TB in Microserver Bay 1 from left UUID=55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive2 = Seagate-Beta2TB in Microserver Bay 2 from left UUID=5bd5498f-30c1-4780-948e-ca46656507d2 /var/hda/files/drives/drive2 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive3 = WD-Charlie2TB in Microserver Bay 3 from left UUID=a7337504-376a-4d36-9f7a-1a24c0f55fbd /var/hda/files/drives/drive3 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive4 = WD-Delta2TB in Microserver Bay 4 from left UUID=8d881dcb-8de3-4621-b9bd-00025196868a /var/hda/files/drives/drive4 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive5 = 250GB OS Drive mounted in Optical Drive bay UUID="4d6f8004-d190-4234-a03b-b68de988abf0 /var/hda/files/drives/drive5 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # :'''NOTE:''' Lines beginning with # are comments where the remainder of the line is ignored  Verify there are no issues by executing the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;">UUID=9d972abc-1639-44df-a60e mount -668618d40236 /var/hda/files/drives/sdb1 ext4 defaults 1 2</span>a
</div>
If there are errors,most likely a line was not added properly. If this is not corrected, the machine may not boot and hang trying to mount the hard drives!
Save and exit nano (CTRL-XOnce there are no errors, Y, ENTER), and try your new mountreboot machine
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
mount -a<br/>ls /var/hda/files/drives/sdb1 reboot
</div>
Verify the hard drives have successfully mounted in the '''HDA Dashboard'''.
That last command If all drives mounted successfully, it should show you the content of you new hard drive.look something like this (Ubuntu):
That's it. Your share(s) are now on your new hard drive:EXAMPLE:[[File:Gstreet_greyhole_pool.png|options|caption]]
===Use the hard drive in your Greyhole storage pool=Bad Blocks==If Optionally, you want to add can test your new hard drive to your Greyhole storage pool, here's how to do thatfor bad blocks.<br/>
First, you:'''NOTE:''' This can take a ''long''ll need time to make complete! Recommend starting it in the evening so it will be completed the mount permanentnext day. [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], type the following command:
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute following command (replace '''sdb1''' with the (<strong style="color:blue">BLUE</strong>) value you received from ''hda-diskmount''):
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
umount e2fsck -cn /var/hda/files/drivesdev/'''sdb1<br/>nano /etc/fstab'''
</div>
You'll receive a message stating '''WARNING!!!''' ''Running e2fsck on a mounted filesystem may cause SEVERE filesystem damage. Do you really want to continue (y/n)?''<br/>
 
Answer ''yes''. The <code>-cn</code> option we're using can safely be used on mounted file systems.
==Spin Down Hard Drives==
 
Low power is a good thing to have in servers. If you do not use your server very often, you may want to force the hard drives to spin down faster than the default. Here is how.
 
First ensure ''hdparm'' package is installed:
sudo dnf install hdparm
 
To force to spin down after 10 minutes of being idle, add these lines to <code>/etc/rc.local</code>:
<pre>
# power drives down after 10 minutes idle
/sbin/hdparm -S120 /dev/sda
/sbin/hdparm -S120 /dev/sdb
...
</pre>
 
Most drives will power down on their own without doing this.
 
Once stopped, the drive may take as long as 30 seconds to respond to a subsequent disk access, though most drives are much quicker. The encoding of the -S timeout value is somewhat peculiar. A value of zero means "timeouts are disabled": the device will not automatically enter standby mode. Values from 1 to 240 specify multiples of 5 seconds, yielding timeouts from 5 seconds to 20 minutes. Values from 241 to 251 specify from 1 to 11 units of 30 minutes, yielding timeouts from 30 minutes to 5.5 hours. A value of 252 signifies a timeout of 21 minutes. A value of 253 sets a vendor-defined timeout period between 8 and 12 hours, and the value 254 is reserved. 255 is interpreted as 21 minutes plus 15 seconds. Note that some older drives may have very different interpretations of these values.
In nano, It may make the system run cooler and power efficient (especially on a Home Server you'll need to add a new line are rarely using all of the pool drives at the bottom. Take the line that hda-diskmount2 gave you, and insert thatsame time).<br/>
So=Troubleshooting===hda-diskmount==If ''hda-diskmount'' does not mount the hard drive or you prefer to do it manually, complete the following previous examples, I should add thissteps:
Create the mount point (choose one '''NOT''' in use) [[Open Terminal as root|in a Terminal, as root]] by executing the following:<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text"> mkdir -align: left;"p /var/hda/files/drives/drive1</div></blockquote>Identify the hard drive to mount and copy the UUID from the output that corresponds to the hard drive (i.e. sdb)<span blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: blue#E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">UUID=9d972abc ls -1639-44df-a60e-668618d40236 l /vardev/hdadisk/filesby-uuid/drives/sdb1 ext4 defaults 1 2</spandiv></divblockquote>
Save and exit nano (CTRL:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 1b8597e0-5d95-4474-b093-53099c8c81c9 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 1c161033-c695-4291-aba1-257d3987edf7 -> ../../dm-0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 b7017251-cb54-438b-92a3-781537c565e6 -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 c1fe62b3-41dc-4a67-8a6b-09f90b7893ba -> ../../dm-1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 e0f5a9bd-f52b-431e-X, Y, ENTER), and try your new mount89af-61da70659bdd -> ../../dm-2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 <span style="color:#FF0000">'''547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979'''</span> -> ../../sdb1
:The UUID for sdX1 (i.e. sdb1 is <span style="color:#FF0000">'''RED'''</span>).Add the following to the end of ''/etc/fstab'', replacing the UUID as captured in the previous step<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div></blockquote>:EXAMPLE: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount (8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-aa8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</divspan>
Finally, you:The new entry will be mounted as ''/var/hda/files/drives/drive1''ll need to configure Greyhole to select your new partition(i.e.sdb1 in '''<span style="color:#0000FF">BLUE</span>''')
In Mount the [httphard drive<blockquote><div style="border:1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mount -a</div></hda/setup?sub=disk_pooling&tab=share Shares &gt; Storage Pool page] of your Amahi dashboard, you'll see a list of mounted partitionsblockquote>:If all goes well, with checkboxes next to eachthere should not be any output. If there are errors, allowing you to include those partitions in your storage poolstop and diagnose the problem.
You should now have a new row in there, referring to Accomplish [[Adding_Hard_Drives_101#Verify/varTest|Verify/hda/files/drives/sdb1Test]] step to ensure the hard drive is properly mounted.<br/>Select it (click the checkbox).
That's it. Your new Repeat this process for each hard drive just increased your Greyhole storage pool capacityto be mounted.
==Partitions > 2.1TB==
If by following this tutorial you are unable to mount hard drives with partitions > 2.1TB, refer to the [[Partitions_Over_2.1_TB|Partitions over 2.1TB]] guidance.
=Help=If you need to remove a disk assistance, please go to post in the [https://forums.amahi.org Amahi Forums] or receive '''LIVE''' support on the [How to Remove a Drive from LVM]http://talk.amahi.org Amahi IRC channel].
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