More hard drives can be added in your Amahi HDA <center>{{MessageBox|backgroundcolor = #faa|image =Warning.png|heading =WARNING|message = This is recommended only for additional storage space''Advanced'' users, proceed with caution.}}</center><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .8em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 0px 1em;">
We'll detail how to add such hard drives, and how to put them to good use''NOTE:''' The Amahi [https://www.amahi.org/apps/disk-wizard Disk Wizard] application (Amahi 8 or greater '''ONLY''') provides this capability from the Dashboard UI.
=Important Notes=</div><br />The purpose of this tutorial is to make partitioning, formatting, and mounting hard drives in the Amahi server simple for those new to Linux.
* This is an In order to keep this process simple, it's important '''advancedNOT''' how-to on how to add connect additional drives to your HDA.* Amahi cannot be held responsible for any data breakage or destruction arising from hard drive(s) until the use or misuse end of this script. We provide it as a service in good will. You accept this automatically if you use the script[[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Preparation|Preparation]] step.
=Make sure your drive is detected by Disclaimer=* [https://www.amahi.org Amahi] cannot be held responsible for any data breakage or destruction arising from the BIOS=use or misuse of this script. We provide it as a service in good will. You accept this automatically if you use the script.
It should be listed * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table GUID-partitioned] hard drives (such as those previously used in a Mac or have GPT partition tables) are not supported in the drives that appear when you boot your computer, before the Fedora boot screen appears. You can also enter you BIOS and confirm they appear therethis tutorial.
=Make sure your drive * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_nano nano] is detected by Fedora=used as the command-line text editor (refer to [http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/42980/the-beginners-guide-to-nano-the-linux-command-line-text-editor/ beginners guide to nano] as needed).
=Prerequisites=[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, and type the following commandas root]], verify disk tools are installed by executing:<br />
Fedora<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;
text-align: left">
ls dnf -
1 /dev/disk/byy install pmount fuse fuse-
id/ | egrep libs ntfs-
v "part|scsi"3g util-linux-ng parted nano
</div>
Look :'''NOTE:''' <code>yum</code> (deprecated) has been replaced with <code>dnf</code> as the package manager for the line that match the hard drive you addedFedora 23 and greater.Ubuntu <div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text-align: left"> sudo apt-get -y install gparted</div>
IDE and SATA hard drives will start with :'''ata-NOTE:''' and USB hard Hard drives will start with must be formatted as '''MBR'usb-'' not '''.<brGUID/>Look GPT''' for your hard drive model and serial number''hda-diskmount'' to work correctly.
Example=Preparation=[[Open_Terminal_as_root|In terminal as root]], execute the following to capture current hard drive configuration:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/ > before.txt cat before.txt</div>
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; paddingEXAMPLE: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">[gb@hda ~]$ ls - lrwxrwxrwx 1 /dev/disk/byroot root 9 2010-id/ | egrep 02-v "part|scsi"<br/>18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V<br-> ../>ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65<br../>sdaata lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-ST3750640A_3QD0LJN8<br/>ata02-ST3750640A_5QD27A57<br/>18 03:24 ata-WDC_WD10EADSHitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-00L5B1_WDpart1 -WCAU4C700358<br/>usb-ST310003_33AS_9E1CA6FFFFFF-0:0<br../>usb-ST375064_0A_2009031309E2-0:0<../div>sda1
=Install prerequisites=Power ''OFF'' the HDA and install/connect any additional hard drive(s).<br />
[[Open Terminal as root|In =Identify=Power ''ON'' the HDA and collect data about the new hard drive configuration. Again, save this to a Terminal, as root]], type the following (two) commands:text file for reference.
[[Open_Terminal_as_root|In a terminal as root]], execute the following to capture current hard drive configuration:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em
; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:
3px 3px 1em 3px;
text-align: left">
yum ls -
y install pmount fuse fusel /dev/disk/by-
libs ntfs-3g gparted<br/><brid/>
after.txt cat after.txt
</div>
=Partition :EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../../sdb :'''FYI:''' IDE/SATA hard drives will start with '''ata-''' and format the USB hard drive=drives will start with '''usb-'''.<br/>
This step is optional, =Partition/Format=Compare the difference between before.txt and should only be executed if you want after.txt to delete determine the content of your new hard drive, or if the hard drive has not yet been formatted(s) device name. This can be done automatically.
You should (unless you have a good reason not to) use GParted to partition and format your hard drive.<br/>From the HDA desktop (or using VNC), [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]] and type '''gparted''' to launch , execute the GParted applicationfollowing:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> diff before.txt after.txt</div>
To know what device (:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../dev../sdX) you need to select in GParted, use the following command, in a Terminal:sdb
<div style="border: 1px solid At this point, partition and format the hard drive(s) if they are new. For hard drive(s) that contain data to be preserved, skip to the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#A3B1BF; padding: Mount|Mount]] step.5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/</div>
Find ==Command-line (Fedora)==To partition the row corresponding to your hard drive(s), and look at the end of the line to identify the correct substitute sdX with hard drive device to select in GParted.name, such as ''sdb'':
Example[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:
<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em
; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:
3px 3px 1em 3px;">
[gb@hda ~]$ <strong>ls -l parted /dev/
disk/by-id/sdX</
strongdiv><
br/
blockquote>
total Up to 2TB, at the ''(parted)'' prompt, enter:# mklabel msdos (answer ''yes'' if prompted)# mkpart primary 0
% 100%# quit<br/>
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03Greater than 2TB, at the ''(parted)'' prompt, enter:
24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda# mklabel gpt (answer ''yes'' if prompted)# mkpart primary 0% 100%# quit<br/>
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010Verify the new partition was created:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-
02-18 03color: #E6F2FF; margin:
24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1<br/ 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010ls -
02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ..l /dev/
..disk/
<strong>sdb<by-id/
strong></div>
:EXAMPLE:
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../../sdb
<span style="color:#FF0000">'''lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65-part1 -> ../../sdb1'''</span>
In the above example, /dev/sdb would be what I would select in GPartedThe new partition is named sdX1 (i.e. sda sdb1 in my primary hard drive, and sdb my second hard drive<span style="color:#FF0000">'''RED'''</span>).
You'll probably want to create a single Format the partition, and format it as ''execute (can substitute ext3''.<br/>):Note that Windows can't read ext3 partitions, so if you want to read your disk on Windows, you should format as NTFS instea, and you should do that on Windows before you connect the drive in your HDA.<br/blockquote>Remember that using NTFS partitions on Linux will be slower that using ext3 partitions, so you should only use NTFS if you really need it.<br/>How much slowerdiv style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: compare the blue bars (NTFS.5em 1em; background-3G) with the red bars (ext3) on [httpcolor: #E6F2FF; margin://www 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mkfs.tuxera.comext4 -j /productsdev/tuxera-ntfs-commercialsdX1</performance/ this graph].div><br/blockquote>'''Be sure to read the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#NTFS_partitions|last section about NTFS]] on this page if you use a NTFS partition!'''
There are many easy to follow guides online on how to use GParted. You should Google for one, to find one that seems clear to you.<br/>Repeat the [[http:Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Partition/Format|Partition/www.mepisguides.com/Mepis-6/Install/gparted/gparted-set-partition.html Here's oneFormat]] that looks simple. Just use ext3 instead of fat32 in you follow that tutorialstep for each hard drive to be partitioned and formatted.
=Mount =GParted (Ubuntu)==From the hard drive=HDA desktop (or using VNC), [[Open_Terminal_as_root|In a terminal as root]] and type '''gparted''' to launch the application.
A script is provided with Amahi Here's a general introduction on [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdWkdrnNGRg YouTube]. Just use ''ext3'' or ''ext4'' instead of ''fat32'' if you follow that will look for unmounted partitions in your system, and mount any it findstutorial.
[[Open Terminal as root|In a TerminalFor drives > 2.0 TB, as root]], type the following commandthese steps:* Choose hard disk in the dropdown menu (top right)* Select Device > Create Partition Table... > Advanced > (Choose 'gpt')* Create partition
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
hda-diskmount
</div>
Example:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text-align: left;">[root@hda ~]$ hda-diskmount<br/><nowiki>****************************************************************</nowiki><br/b>Ignoring /dev/sda1 - already in /etc/fstab or mounted<br/><nowiki>****************************************************************</nowiki><br/>Mounted /dev/<strong style="colorNOTE:green">sdb1</strongb> as '<strong style="color [http:red">/var/hda/files/drives/sdb1</strong>' (read-write)<br/> You may want your system to mount it every time you bootgparted.<br/> To do so, add this line VERY CAREFULLY to /etc/fstab and reboot:<br/> <strong style="color:blue">UUID=9d972abc-1639-44df-a60eorg GParted] supports GUID-668618d40236 /var/hda/files/partitioned drives/sdb1 ext4 defaults 1 2</strong><br/><nowiki>****************************************************************</nowiki><br/>All Linux, Windows and Mac partitions on nonhowever, the hda-removable disks have been mounted<br/></div>mount script do not support currently.
Do '''not''' edit Repeat the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Partition/etcFormat|Partition/fstab just yet. What you'll need Format]] step for each hard drive to add there will depend on how you want to use the extra storage. More about that below.<br/>Just note down the information in bold (green, red be partitioned and blue). We'll use them belowformatted.
If you get something like ''Disk /dev=Mount=Mount the hard drive(s)/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table'' or ''mount: unknown file system type 'lvm2pv''' its because you have LVM'(s that 'fdisk' can not recognize (or something similar). It's nothing to worry about if you get that when executing for use in the hda-diskmount scriptHDA.
==Test your hard drive==Optionally, you can test your new drive for bad blocks.<br/>Note that this step can take a :'''NOTE:'long'' time If you prefer not to complete! Youuse ''hda-diskmount''ll probably want to start it in the evening, refer to have it completed in the morning[[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#hda-diskmount|Troubleshooting ''hda-diskmount]].
To do so, [[Open Terminal as root|in In a Terminal, as root]], type execute the following command. Replace (it will create drive1, drive2, etc and mount the hard drive(s) automatically):<strong div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color:green#E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">sdb1 hda-diskmount</strongdiv> with the (green) value you received from hda-diskmount.
:EXAMPLE: **************************************************************** Ignoring /dev/sda1 - already in /etc/fstab or mounted **************************************************************** Mounted /dev/<div strong style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-green">sdb1</strong> as '<strong style="color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;red">/var/hda/files/drives/drive1</strong>' (read-write) You may want your system to mount it every time you boot.e2fsck -cn To do so, add this line VERY CAREFULLY to /devetc/fstab and reboot: <strong style="color:greenblue">sdb1UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2</strong></div> **************************************************************** All Linux, Windows and Mac partitions on non-removable disks have been mounted
You'll receive a warning that says The line in <span style="WARNING!!! Running e2fsck on a mounted filesystem may cause SEVERE filesystem damage. Do you really want to continue (y/n)?color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''<br/span>Answer is what you need to copy and add to the bottom of ''yes/etc/fstab''. The -cn option we This is '''REQUIRED'''re using can safely for the hard drive(s) to be used on permanently mounted filesystems.
=Use the There will be multiple lines for multiple hard drive=(s) added. Ensure you copy and add '''ONLY''' those which were not present in the ''before.txt'' file.
You have a choice here on how to use your The new hard drive storage spacecan be used for [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#All Shares|All Shares]], [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Some Shares|Some Shares]], or the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Greyhole Storage Pool|Greyhole Storage Pool]]. We'll offer some examples Follow the guidance below based on desired usage for each hard drive.
==Use All Shares==Host '''ALL''' shares on the new hard drive for all shares==.
If you want Move all your the shares data to be on your the new hard drive, herereplacing path in 's how to do that''<span style="color: red;">RED</span>''' with the path from the ''hda-diskmount'' output line in <span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</span>.<br />
First, you'll want to move all you previous shares data, if any, into your new drive.<br/>You only need to do this next command if you have data that you care about in the /var/hda/files/* folders.<br/>[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], type execute the following command. Replace the path in red with the path you received when you ran hda-diskmount.:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
mv /var/hda/files/* <strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/sdb1drive1/</strong>
</div>
You'll get a warning about "cannot move `/var/hda/files/drives' to a subdirectory of itself"; that is fine, ignore that.
Next, you:'''NOTE:''' There may be a '''WARNING''' that can be ignored indicating ''ll need to unmount your new hard drive, and remount it as /var/hda/files/drives cannot be moved to a subdirectory of itself''.
Unmount the new hard drive:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
umount /var/hda/files/drives/sdb1drive1/</div>Mount the new hard drive permanently as ''/var/hda/files'' by editing ''/etc/fstab'':<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab
</div>
Add the line to ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the ''hda-diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>''' and change the second value (path) to ''/var/hda/files''.
:EXAMPLE hda-diskmount output (Original):
<span style="color: blue;">UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 <strong>/var/hda/files/drives/drive1</strong> ext4 defaults 1 2</span>
:EXAMPLE hda-diskmount output (Modified):
UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 <strong>/var/hda/files</strong> ext4 defaults 1 2
:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab:
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0
UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0
<span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>
Finally, execute the following:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
nano mount -a ls /etcvar/hda/files/fstab
</div>
The last command will display contents of the new hard drive. All shares are now located on the new hard drive.
In nano, you'll need to add a new line at the bottom. Take the line that hda-diskmount gave you (the blue one), and change the second value (the path).<br/>==Some Shares==Replace the second value with Host '''/var/hda/filesSOME'''shares on the new hard drive.
Move some shares data to the new drive by executing the following command (replace path in '''<span style="color: red;">RED</span>''' with the path from the ''hda-diskmount gave me'' output line in <span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</span>; sharename will be the share to move to the new drive).<br /> [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
mv /var/hda/files/<strong>sharename<span /strong> <strong style="color:bluered">UUID=9d972abc-1639-44df-a60e-668618d40236 <strong>/var/hda/files/drives/sdb1drive1/</strong> ext4 defaults 1 2</span>
</div>
Repeat the process with every share to be moved to the new drive.
So I should add this insteadUnmount the new hard drive:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
UUID=9d972abc-1639-44df-a60e-668618d40236 <strong> umount /var/hda/files</strong> ext4 defaults 1 2drives/drive1
</div>
Make sure you do Mount the new hard drive permanently by editing ''/etc/fstab'': <div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div>Add the line to 'not'/etc/fstab'' change anything else from provided in the blue line you received from ''hda-diskmount.'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE<br/span>It might not be the same thing as the above example; you need to use the values you've received''.:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013Save and exit nano # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(CTRL-X5), Yfindfs(8), ENTERmount(8), and try your new mount/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>Verify the hard drive(s)/partition(s) configuration is correct in ''/etc/fstab''.
Next, execute the following:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
mount -a<br/> ls /var/hda/files/drives/drive1
</div>
The last command will display contents of the new hard drive. All shares are now located on the new hard drive.
That last command should show you '''<u>HDA Dashboard Update</u><br />'''The location of each share that was moved to the content of you new hard drivewill need updated. Select ''Setup'' followed by the ''Shares'' section. Expand each share that was moved individually and change the location (path) accordingly.
That's it. All your shares in For example, the original movies location was <span style="color:red">/var/hda/files are now on your /movies</span> but the new hard drivelocation might be <span style="color:blue">/var/hda/files/drives/drive1/movies</span>.
==Use Repeat for any other shares that you have moved to the new hard drive for only some . Verify these shares==are accessible from another machine within your network.
'''NOTE:''' If you want only some any services depend on the location of your shares a moved share, ensure they are configured to use the new share location. For example, if [https://www.amahi.org/apps/dlna DLNA] is installed, check the configuration file to be on your verify it can find the new hard driveshare location. Secondly, herevalidate that that all such services start correctly and behave as expected. If the service doesn't start, it may be that it's how to do thatlooking for a specific share location during the service start up.
First, you'll want to move your previous shares data, if any, into your ==Greyhole Storage Pool==Use new
hard drive
for [[Storage_pooling|Greyhole Storage Pool]].
<br/>You only need to do this next command if you have data that you care about in the /var/hda/files/* folders (that you want on the new drive).<br/>[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]],
type mount the
following command. Replace the path in red with the path you received when you ran hda-diskmount. Replace new hard drive permanently by editing ''
/etc/fstab'
something'
'' with the name of the share you want to have on your new drive (the share should already exists).:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em
; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:
3px 3px 1em 3px;">
mv nano /
varetc/
hda/files/<strong>something</strong> <strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/sdb1/</strong>fstab</div>
Add the line to ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the ''hda-diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>'''.
:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab:
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0
UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0
<span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>
Verify the hard drive(s)/partition(s) configuration is correct in ''/etc/fstab''.
Repeat with every share you want on your new driveRefer to [[Greyhole#Amahi 6|Greyhole (Amahi 6)]] for Ubuntu or [[Greyhole#Amahi 7|Greyhole (Amahi 7)]] for Fedora to configure the [[Storage_pooling|Greyhole Storage Pool]].
Next, you'll need to make =Verify/Test=Verify the mount permanenthard drive/partition is mounted.
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em
; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:
3px 3px 1em 3px;">
umount /var/hda/files/drives/sdb1<br/>nano /etc/fstab df -h
</div>
In nano, you'll need to add a new line at the bottom:EXAMPLE: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda5 16G 4.3G 11G 30% / devtmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev tmpfs 498M 84K 498M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 498M 364K 498M 1% /run tmpfs 498M 0 498M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 498M 1. Take the line that 1M 497M 1% /tmp /dev/sda1 190M 75M 102M 43% /boot /dev/sdb1 917G 398G 473G 46% /var/hda-diskmount gave you, and insert that.<br/>files/drives/drive1
SoThe hard drive(s) and the mount point (path) should be listed for each hard drive added. If not, following previous examples, I should add this:then further investigation will be needed to determine the problem.<br />
=Tips===Mount Order==The following guide will outline how to manually order hard drives and mount them automatically on boot. [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], executing the following command to obtain the UUID for each hard drive:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px
; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: blue;">UUID=9d972abc-1639-44df-a60e-668618d40236 /var/hda/files/drives/sdb1 ext4 defaults 1 2</span> blkid
</div>
:EXAMPLE:
/dev/sda1: LABEL="Seagate-Alpha2TB" UUID="55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="Seagate-Beta2TB" UUID="5bd5498f-30c1-4780-948e-ca46656507d2" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdc1: LABEL="WD-Charlie2TB" UUID="a7337504-376a-4d36-9f7a-1a24c0f55fbd" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdd1: LABEL="WD-Delta2TB" UUID="8d881dcb-8de3-4621-b9bd-00025196868a" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sde1: LABEL="root" UUID="4d6f8004-d190-4234-a03b-b68de988abf0" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sde3: LABEL="home" UUID="d0531fa1-9311-4d53-b838-f35898adbd98" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sde5: LABEL="swap" UUID="3c39206c-ba60-47ff-a1fe-f5821b2ab543" TYPE="swap"
In this case, there are four data drives (sda1, sdb1, sdc1, sdd1) and the Operating system assigned to a fifth drive, sde.
Save Take note of the UUID's for each drive. Easiest to cut and exit nano (CTRL-X, Y, ENTER), and try your new mount:paste UUID's straight from the terminal.
Edit ''/etc/fstab'' to mount each drive:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
mount -a<br nano />ls etc/var/hda/files/drives/sdb1fstab
</div>
Then '''very carefully''' add the following line for each disk into the end of the fstab file. Ensure correct UUID, hard drive number and hard drive file system (ext4 in this case) are added.
That last command should show you the content of you new hard drive.:EXAMPLE: UUID=55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2
That's it. Your share(s) It should look something like the following when lines are now on your new hard driveadded for each of the five drives in this example.
:EXAMPLE: # Mounting Greyhole Drives for Drive Pool. # # Drive1 = Seagate-Alpha2TB in Microserver Bay 1 from left UUID=55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive2 = Seagate-Beta2TB in Microserver Bay 2 from left UUID=5bd5498f-30c1-4780-948e-ca46656507d2 /var/hda/files/drives/drive2 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive3 = WD-Charlie2TB in Microserver Bay 3 from left UUID=a7337504-376a-4d36-9f7a-1a24c0f55fbd /var/hda/files/drives/drive3 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive4 =Use the hard drive WD-Delta2TB in your Greyhole storage poolMicroserver Bay 4 from left UUID=8d881dcb-8de3-4621-b9bd-00025196868a /var/hda/files/drives/drive4 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive5 =250GB OS Drive mounted in Optical Drive bay UUID="4d6f8004-d190-4234-a03b-b68de988abf0 /var/hda/files/drives/drive5 ext4 defaults 1 2 # #
If you want to add your new hard drive to your Greyhole storage pool, here:'s how to do that.''NOTE:''' Lines beginning with # are comments where the remainder of the line is ignored
First, you'll need to make Verify there are no issues by executing the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mount permanent. [[Open Terminal as root|In -a Terminal</div>If there are errors, as root]]most likely a line was not added properly. If this is not corrected, type the following command:machine may not boot and hang trying to mount the hard drives!
Once there are no errors, reboot machine:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
umount /var/hda/files/drives/sdb1<br/>nano /etc/fstab reboot
</div>
Verify the hard drives have successfully mounted in the '''HDA Dashboard'''.
In nanoIf all drives mounted successfully, you'll need to add a new line at the bottom. Take the line that hda-diskmount gave you, and insert that.<br/>it should look something like this (Ubuntu):
So, following previous examples, I should add this:EXAMPLE:[[File:Gstreet_greyhole_pool.png|options|caption]]
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: blue;">UUIDBad Blocks==9d972abc-1639-44df-a60e-668618d40236 /var/hda/files/drives/sdb1 ext4 defaults 1 2</span>Optionally, you can test your new drive for bad blocks.<br/div>
Save and exit nano (CTRL-X, Y, ENTER), and try your new mount:'''NOTE:''' This can take a ''long'' time to complete! Recommend starting it in the evening so it will be completed the next day.
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute following command (replace '''sdb1''' with the (<strong style="color:blue">BLUE</strong>) value you received from ''hda-diskmount''):
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
mount e2fsck -acn /dev/'''sdb1'''
</div>
You'll receive a message stating '''WARNING!!!''' ''Running e2fsck on a mounted filesystem may cause SEVERE filesystem damage. Do you really want to continue (y/n)?''<br/>
Answer ''yes''. The <code>-cn</code> option we're using can safely be used on mounted file systems.
==Spin Down Hard Drives==
Low power is a good thing to have in servers. If you do not use your server very often, you may want to force the hard drives to spin down faster than the default. Here is how.
First ensure ''hdparm'' package is installed:
sudo dnf install hdparm
To force to spin down after 10 minutes of being idle, add these lines to <code>/etc/rc.local</code>:
<pre>
# power drives down after 10 minutes idle
/sbin/hdparm -S120 /dev/sda
/sbin/hdparm -S120 /dev/sdb
...
</pre>
Most drives will power down on their own without doing this.
Once stopped, the drive may take as long as 30 seconds to respond to a subsequent disk access, though most drives are much quicker. The encoding of the -S timeout value is somewhat peculiar. A value of zero means "timeouts are disabled": the device will not automatically enter standby mode. Values from 1 to 240 specify multiples of 5 seconds, yielding timeouts from 5 seconds to 20 minutes. Values from 241 to 251 specify from 1 to 11 units of 30 minutes, yielding timeouts from 30 minutes to 5.5 hours. A value of 252 signifies a timeout of 21 minutes. A value of 253 sets a vendor-defined timeout period between 8 and 12 hours, and the value 254 is reserved. 255 is interpreted as 21 minutes plus 15 seconds. Note that some older drives may have very different interpretations of these values.
It may make the system run cooler and power efficient (especially on a Home Server you are rarely using all of the pool drives at the same time).
=Troubleshooting=
==hda-diskmount==
If ''hda-diskmount'' does not mount the hard drive or you prefer to do it manually, complete the following steps:
Create the mount point (choose one '''NOT''' in use) [[Open Terminal as root|in a Terminal, as root]] by executing the following:
<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
mkdir -p /var/hda/files/drives/drive1
</div></blockquote>
Identify the hard drive to mount and copy the UUID from the output that corresponds to the hard drive (i.e. sdb)
<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/
</div></blockquote>
:EXAMPLE:
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 1b8597e0-5d95-4474-b093-53099c8c81c9 -> ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 1c161033-c695-4291-aba1-257d3987edf7 -> ../../dm-0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 b7017251-cb54-438b-92a3-781537c565e6 -> ../../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 c1fe62b3-41dc-4a67-8a6b-09f90b7893ba -> ../../dm-1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 e0f5a9bd-f52b-431e-89af-61da70659bdd -> ../../dm-2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 <span style="color:#FF0000">'''547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979'''</span> -> ../../sdb1
:The UUID for sdX1 (i.e. sdb1 is <span style="color:#FF0000">'''RED'''</span>).
Add the following to the end of ''/etc/fstab'', replacing the UUID as captured in the previous step
<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
nano /etc/fstab
</div></blockquote>
:EXAMPLE:
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0
UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0
<span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>
:The new entry will be mounted as ''/var/hda/files/drives/drive1'' (i.e. sdb1 in '''<span style="color:#0000FF">BLUE</span>''')
Mount the hard drive
<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
mount -a
</div></blockquote>
:If all goes well, there should not be any output. If there are errors, stop and diagnose the problem.
Finally, you'll need Accomplish [[Adding_Hard_Drives_101#Verify/Test|Verify/Test]] step to configure Greyhole to select your new partitionensure the hard drive is properly mounted.<br />
In the [http://hda/setup?sub=disk_pooling&tab=share Shares > Storage Pool page] of your Amahi dashboard, you'll see a list of mounted partitions, with checkboxes next to Repeat this process for each, allowing you hard drive to include those partitions in your storage poolbe mounted.
You should now have a new row in there, referring ==Partitions > 2.1TB==If by following this tutorial you are unable to /var/hda/files/mount hard drives/sdb1with partitions > 2.<br/>Select it (click 1TB, refer to the checkbox)[[Partitions_Over_2.1_TB|Partitions over 2.1TB]] guidance.
That=Help=If you need assistance, please post in the [https://forums.amahi.org Amahi Forums] or receive '''LIVE'''s itsupport on the [http://talk.amahi. Your new hard drive just increased your Greyhole storage pool capacityorg Amahi IRC channel].
