<center>{{MessageBox|backgroundcolor = #faa|image =QuickstartWarning.png|heading =WARNING|A secondary hard drive (fat32, ntfs, etc) can be added message = This is recommended only for additional storage in your Amahi HDA. First thing's first'Advanced'' users, make sure your drive is connected properly and detected by the biosproceed with caution. You can check this with the following command (run before and after connecting the (USB)disk): }}<code/center>root@localhost <div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .8em 1em; background-color: # dmesg</codeE6F2FF; margin: 0px 1em;">
'''NOTE:''' The Amahi [https://www.amahi.org/apps/disk-wizard Disk Wizard] application (Amahi 8 or greater '''ONLY''') provides this capability from the Dashboard UI.
<ul><li>download the [http://wiki.amahi.org/images/c/c6/Diskmounter.sh diskmounter] script</lidiv><li>run the following command on the script: <code>root@localhost # chmod 755 Diskmounter.sh</code><br /li><li>run the script: <code>root@localhost # ./Diskmounter.sh</code><br>Answer "yes" to the prompt The purpose of this tutorial is to make partitioning, formatting, and mounting hard drives in the drive world writable.</li><li>install pmount if you get an error: <code>root@localhost # yum -y install pmount</code></li><li>try to run the script again: <code>root@localhost # ./Diskmounter.sh</code></li><li>reboot</li><li>check your /etc/fstab how the disk is mounted: <code>root@localhost # cat /etc/fstab</code> (it will usually be the last line that's added). Edit it Amahi server simple for those new to where you want to mount itLinux.</li></ul>
=Complete walkthrough=In order to keep this process simple, it's important '''NOT''' to connect additional hard drive(s) until the end of the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Preparation|Preparation]] step.
=Disclaimer=
* [https://www.amahi.org Amahi] cannot be held responsible for any data breakage or destruction arising from the use or misuse of this script. We provide it as a service in good will. You accept this automatically if you use the script.
It can be configured to mount permanently using the * [http://wikien.amahiwikipedia.org/imageswiki/c/c6/Diskmounter.sh diskmounterGUID_Partition_Table GUID-partitioned] script hard drives (thanks to Dennis Kaarsemaker and Luigi Capriottisuch as those previously used in a Mac or have GPT partition tables)are not supported in this tutorial.
* Execute the script [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_nano nano] is used as ''root'' and answer YES to the prompt command-line text editor (refer to make the drive writable to all users[http://www. * Once complete, reboot and the secondary drive should automatically mounthowtogeek. * As user ''root'', edit '''''com/howto/etc42980/fstab''''' the-beginners-guide-to change location of shared ''-nano-the-linux-command-line-text-editor//hda'' folders beginners guide to the secondary drivenano] as needed). * To run the diskmounter script, in the directory where the file is located, do the following:
=Prerequisites=[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], verify disk tools are installed by executing:<code>.br /Diskmounter.sh</code>
This is what the script added for my driveFedora<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text-align:left"> ''Added by diskmounter utility''dnf -y install pmount fuse fuse-libs ntfs-3g util-linux-ng parted nano ''/dev/sdb1 </var/hda/files vfat rw,user,fmask=0111,dmask=0000 0 0'' div>
I changed second path to :'''NOTE:''' <code>yum</varcode> (deprecated) has been replaced with <code>dnf</hda/files''''' to enable all shared files to be stored on code> as the secondary hard drivepackage manager for Fedora 23 and greater. This is the default path for ''/Ubuntu <div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text-align: left"> sudo apt-get -y install gparted</hda'' file storage system.div>
If you get the following error "bash: .'''NOTE:''' Hard drives must be formatted as '''MBR''' not '''GUID/DiskmounterGPT''' for ''hda-diskmount'' to work correctly.sh: Permission denied" try executing the following without the commas:
$ chmod 755 Diskmounter.sh =Preparation=After executing that command you should be able to [[Open_Terminal_as_root|In terminal as root]], execute the Diskmounterfollowing to capture current hard drive configuration:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/ > before.sh scripttxt cat before.txt</div>
If you get ":EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../Diskmounter.sh: line 48: pmount: command not found" try running the following without the commas./sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1
$ yum -y Power ''OFF'' the HDA and install pmountThen try again executing the Diskmounter.sh script/connect any additional hard drive(s).<br />
If you get something similar like "Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn=Identify=Power 't contain a valid partition table" or "mount: unknown file system type 'lvm2pvON'" its because you have LVM's that 'fdisk' can not recognize, (or something like that) its nothing to worry the HDA and collect data about if you get that when executed the Diskmounternew hard drive configuration.sh script Again, save this to a text file for reference.
[[Open_Terminal_as_root|In a terminal as root]], execute the following to capture current hard drive configuration:
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">
ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/ > after.txt
cat after.txt
</div>
=If the script doesn't work for you=:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../../sdb
These instructions are adapted from [http:'''FYI:''' IDE//www.mjmwired.net/resources/mjmSATA hard drives will start with '''ata-fedora''' and USB hard drives will start with '''usb-f9'''.html#ntfs here]<br/>
If you're planning =Partition/Format=Compare the difference between before.txt and after.txt to mount a NTFS disk, you'll need to make sure you have ntfs-3g, fuse and fuse libs all installeddetermine the new hard drive(s) device name. This can be done automatically. If not, login as root and run:
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> $ yum install fuse fuse-libs ntfs-3gdiff before.txt after.txt</div>
Then use fdisk to find the disk by running fdisk :EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-l (this is a lower case L not a 1)02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> .. You may have to give the path (/sbin../fdisk) to make it work.sdb
At this point, partition and format the hard drive(s) if they are new. $ /sbin/fdisk -lFor hard drive(s) that contain data to be preserved, skip to the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Mount|Mount]] step.
This should return ==Command-line (Fedora)==To partition the needed information about all your disks. Look out for your newly attached disk. In my case in among the results I can findhard drive(s), substitute sdX with hard drive device name, such as ''sdb'':
Disk [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> parted /dev/sdX</div></blockquote>Up to 2TB, at the ''(parted)'' prompt, enter:# mklabel msdos (answer ''yes'' if prompted)# mkpart primary 0% 100%# quit<br />Greater than 2TB, at the ''(parted)'' prompt, enter:# mklabel gpt (answer ''yes'' if prompted)# mkpart primary 0% 100%# quit<br />Verify the new partition was created:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> ls -l /dev/sdbdisk/by-id/</div>:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03: 12024 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../..0GB 120034123776 bytes/sda1255 heads, 63 sectors lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../track../sdb <span style="color:#FF0000">'''lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65-part1 -> .. etc etc/../sdb1'''</span>
I know my disk The new partition is 120GB so that's the right onenamed sdX1 (i.e. This tells us the name of the new disk which is sdb1 in <span style="sdbcolor:#FF0000" in my case>'''RED'''</span>). Running $ sudo /sbin/fdisk -lu /dev/sdb | grep NTFS
..will give you a break down of partitions. In my case, there's just one Format the partition, sdb1, so this is the partition I will mountexecute (can substitute ext3):<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mkfs. ext4 -j /dev/sdX1</div></blockquote>
Now we can go on to create Repeat the mount points if needs be. But because my disk contains all my music, I want it to be mounted as if it were my local "Music" folder, so [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Partition/Format|Partition/Format]] step for me the mount point already exists. But if just want each hard drive to access your disk easily you could just as easily mount it anywhere. Commonly mount points are put in either /mnt/ or /media/. It doesn't matter where - just be consistent when you are doing thispartitioned and formatted. To do this run these commands as root: $ cd /mnt/ $ mkdir my_ntfs_disk
Substituting my_ntfs_disk for whatever you want ==GParted (Ubuntu)==From the HDA desktop (or using VNC), [[Open_Terminal_as_root|In a terminal as root]] and type '''gparted''' to call itlaunch the application.
Now we can mount the disk in the desired location. Again as root run this commandHere's a general introduction on [http: $ mount /dev/sdb1 /mntwww.youtube.com/my_ntfs_drive -t ntfs-3g -r -o umaskwatch?v=0222vdWkdrnNGRg YouTube]. Just use ''ext3'' or ''ext4'' instead of ''fat32'' if you follow that tutorial.
This command will make For drives > 2.0 TB, following these steps:* Choose hard disk in the mounted drive read onlydropdown menu (top right)* Select Device > Create Partition Table. That.. > Advanced > (Choose 's great if thatgpt's what you want, but for me, since I want to save my music there, I need it to be read and writeable. For this you'll use:)* Create partition
$ mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/my_ntfs_drive -t ntfs-3g -rw -o umask=0000
or in my case:<b>NOTE:</b> [http://gparted.org GParted] supports GUID-partitioned drives, however, the hda-mount script do not support currently.
$ mount Repeat the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Partition/devFormat|Partition/sdb1 /home/USERNAME/Music -t ntfs-3g -rw -o umask=0000Format]] step for each hard drive to be partitioned and formatted.
because I want it mounted =Mount=Mount the hard drive(s)/partition(s) for use in my "Music" filethe HDA.
Remember in both of these commands :'''NOTE:''' If youprefer not to use ''hda-diskmount''ll need , refer to substitute sdb1 with whatever the partition name/number is on your machine. And in the second command USERNAME is your linux username[[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#hda-diskmount|Troubleshooting ''hda-diskmount]].
If you now go to your desktop[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], you should see execute the drive is mounted there. Click on following(it to see will create drive1, drive2, etc and mount the contents are there. If you've mounted it as say So far so good? Ok, let'hard drive(s continue) automatically):<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> hda-diskmount</div>
What you:EXAMPLE: **************************************************************** Ignoring /dev/sda1 - already in /etc/fstab or mounted **************************************************************** Mounted /dev/<strong style="color:green">sdb1</strong> as 've achieved so far is a temporary mounting of the drive<strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/drive1</partition. That shows it can be done but youstrong>'ll need (read-write) You may want your system to make mount it permanent otherwise when every time you reboot it'll disappear againboot. For To do so, add this you need line VERY CAREFULLY to edit /etc/fstab with your favourite text editor. As root runand reboot: <strong style="color:blue">UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2</strong> **************************************************************** All Linux, Windows and Mac partitions on non-removable disks have been mounted
$ gedit The line in <span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</span> is what you need to copy and add to the bottom of ''/etc/fstab''. This is '''REQUIRED''' for the hard drive(s) to be permanently mounted.
A text editor window There will pop upbe multiple lines for multiple hard drive(s) added. Enter this on Ensure you copy and add '''ONLY''' those which were not present in the last line:''before.txt'' file.
/dev/sdb1 /mnt/my_ntfs_drive ntfs-3g roThe new hard drive storage space can be used for [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#All Shares|All Shares]],defaults[[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Some Shares|Some Shares]],umask=0222 0 0or the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Greyhole Storage Pool|Greyhole Storage Pool]]. Follow the guidance below based on desired usage for each hard drive.
* change '''ro to rw''' and ==All Shares==Host '''umask=0222 to umask=0000ALL''' if you want it to be writableshares on the new hard drive.
You'll need Move all the shares data to do this for every partition, so if you have several partitions on sdbthe new drive, replacing path in '''<span style="color: red;">RED</span>''' with the path from the last lines of you fstab may look something like this''hda-diskmount'' output line in <span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</span>.<br />
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mv /devvar/sdb1 hda/mntfiles/my_ntfs_drive_C ntfs-3g ro,defaults,umask* <strong style=0222 0 0"color:red">/devvar/sdb2 hda/mntfiles/my_ntfs_drive_D ntfs-3g ro,defaults,umask=0222 0 0drives/devdrive1/sdb3 </mntstrong></my_ntfs_drive_E ntfs-3g ro,defaults,umask=0222 0 0div>
When you reboot, you should find your data where you want it:'''NOTE:''' There may be a '''WARNING''' that can be ignored indicating ''/var/hda/files/drives cannot be moved to a subdirectory of itself''.
Unmount the new hard drive:<div style= Guide "border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> umount /var/hda/files/drives/drive1/</div>Mount the new hard drive permanently as ''/var/hda/files'' by editing ''/etc/fstab'':<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div>Add the line to Adding a Hard Drive ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the ''hda-diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>''' and change the second value (path) to Fedora =''/var/hda/files''.
This is a good guide, for advanced users, to adding a hard drive to Fedora:EXAMPLE hda-diskmount output (Original): <span style="color: blue;">UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 <strong>/var/hda/files/drives/drive1</strong> ext4 defaults 1 2</span>:EXAMPLE hda-diskmount output (Modified): UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 <strong>/var/hda/files</strong> ext4 defaults 1 2
:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 http<span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/fedoranewsfiles ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>Finally, execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .org5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mount -a ls /var/tchunghda/storagefiles/</div>The last command will display contents of the new hard drive. All shares are now located on the new hard drive.
And a good fedora 9 guide here, including a section ==Some Shares==Host '''SOME''' shares on adding a the new hard drive here:.
httpMove some shares data to the new drive by executing the following command (replace path in '''<span style="color: red;">RED</span>''' with the path from the ''hda-diskmount'' output line in <span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</span>; sharename will be the share to move to the new drive).<br /> [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mv /var/hda/files/<strong>sharename</strong> <strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/drive1/</strong></div>Repeat the process with every share to be moved to the new drive. Unmount the new hard drive: <div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> umount /var/hda/files/drives/drive1</div> Mount the new hard drive permanently by editing ''/etc/fstab'': <div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div>Add the line to ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the ''hda-diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>'''.:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>Verify the hard drive(s)/partition(s) configuration is correct in ''/etc/fstab''. Next, execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mount -a ls /var/hda/files/drives/drive1</div>The last command will display contents of the new hard drive. All shares are now located on the new hard drive. '''<u>HDA Dashboard Update</u><br />'''The location of each share that was moved to the new hard drive will need updated. Select ''Setup'' followed by the ''Shares'' section. Expand each share that was moved individually and change the location (path) accordingly. For example, the original movies location was <span style="color:red">/var/hda/files/movies</span> but the new location might be <span style="color:blue">/var/hda/files/drives/drive1/movies</span>. Repeat for any other shares that you have moved to the new hard drive. Verify these shares are accessible from another machine within your network. '''NOTE:''' If any services depend on the location of a moved share, ensure they are configured to use the new share location. For example, if [https://www.mjmwiredamahi.netorg/resourcesapps/mjmdlna DLNA] is installed, check the configuration file to verify it can find the new share location. Secondly, validate that that all such services start correctly and behave as expected. If the service doesn't start, it may be that it's looking for a specific share location during the service start up. ==Greyhole Storage Pool==Use new hard drive for [[Storage_pooling|Greyhole Storage Pool]]. [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], mount the new hard drive permanently by editing ''/etc/fstab'':<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-fedoracolor: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div>Add the line to ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the ''hda-f9diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>'''.:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>Verify the hard drive(s)/partition(s) configuration is correct in ''/etc/fstab''. Refer to [[Greyhole#Amahi 6|Greyhole (Amahi 6)]] for Ubuntu or [[Greyhole#Amahi 7|Greyhole (Amahi 7)]] for Fedora to configure the [[Storage_pooling|Greyhole Storage Pool]]. =Verify/Test=Verify the hard drive/partition is mounted. [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> df -h</div> :EXAMPLE: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda5 16G 4.3G 11G 30% / devtmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev tmpfs 498M 84K 498M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 498M 364K 498M 1% /run tmpfs 498M 0 498M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 498M 1.1M 497M 1% /tmp /dev/sda1 190M 75M 102M 43% /boot /dev/sdb1 917G 398G 473G 46% /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 The hard drive(s) and the mount point (path) should be listed for each hard drive added. If not, then further investigation will be needed to determine the problem.<br /> =Tips===Mount Order==The following guide will outline how to manually order hard drives and mount them automatically on boot. [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], executing the following command to obtain the UUID for each hard drive:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> blkid</div>:EXAMPLE: /dev/sda1: LABEL="Seagate-Alpha2TB" UUID="55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdb1: LABEL="Seagate-Beta2TB" UUID="5bd5498f-30c1-4780-948e-ca46656507d2" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdc1: LABEL="WD-Charlie2TB" UUID="a7337504-376a-4d36-9f7a-1a24c0f55fbd" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdd1: LABEL="WD-Delta2TB" UUID="8d881dcb-8de3-4621-b9bd-00025196868a" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sde1: LABEL="root" UUID="4d6f8004-d190-4234-a03b-b68de988abf0" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sde3: LABEL="home" UUID="d0531fa1-9311-4d53-b838-f35898adbd98" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sde5: LABEL="swap" UUID="3c39206c-ba60-47ff-a1fe-f5821b2ab543" TYPE="swap" In this case, there are four data drives (sda1, sdb1, sdc1, sdd1) and the Operating system assigned to a fifth drive, sde. Take note of the UUID's for each drive. Easiest to cut and paste UUID's straight from the terminal. Edit ''/etc/fstab'' to mount each drive:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div>Then '''very carefully''' add the following line for each disk into the end of the fstab file. Ensure correct UUID, hard drive number and hard drive file system (ext4 in this case) are added. :EXAMPLE: UUID=55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2 It should look something like the following when lines are added for each of the five drives in this example. :EXAMPLE: # Mounting Greyhole Drives for Drive Pool. # # Drive1 = Seagate-Alpha2TB in Microserver Bay 1 from left UUID=55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive2 = Seagate-Beta2TB in Microserver Bay 2 from left UUID=5bd5498f-30c1-4780-948e-ca46656507d2 /var/hda/files/drives/drive2 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive3 = WD-Charlie2TB in Microserver Bay 3 from left UUID=a7337504-376a-4d36-9f7a-1a24c0f55fbd /var/hda/files/drives/drive3 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive4 = WD-Delta2TB in Microserver Bay 4 from left UUID=8d881dcb-8de3-4621-b9bd-00025196868a /var/hda/files/drives/drive4 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive5 = 250GB OS Drive mounted in Optical Drive bay UUID="4d6f8004-d190-4234-a03b-b68de988abf0 /var/hda/files/drives/drive5 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # :'''NOTE:''' Lines beginning with # are comments where the remainder of the line is ignored Verify there are no issues by executing the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mount -a</div>If there are errors,most likely a line was not added properly. If this is not corrected, the machine may not boot and hang trying to mount the hard drives! Once there are no errors, reboot machine:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> reboot</div>Verify the hard drives have successfully mounted in the '''HDA Dashboard'''. If all drives mounted successfully, it should look something like this (Ubuntu): :EXAMPLE:[[File:Gstreet_greyhole_pool.png|options|caption]] ==Bad Blocks==Optionally, you can test your new drive for bad blocks.<br/> :'''NOTE:''' This can take a ''long'' time to complete! Recommend starting it in the evening so it will be completed the next day. [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute following command (replace '''sdb1''' with the (<strong style="color:blue">BLUE</strong>) value you received from ''hda-diskmount''):<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> e2fsck -cn /dev/'''sdb1'''</div>You'll receive a message stating '''WARNING!!!''' ''Running e2fsck on a mounted filesystem may cause SEVERE filesystem damage. Do you really want to continue (y/n)?''<br/> Answer ''yes''. The <code>-cn</code> option we're using can safely be used on mounted file systems.==Spin Down Hard Drives== Low power is a good thing to have in servers. If you do not use your server very often, you may want to force the hard drives to spin down faster than the default. Here is how. First ensure ''hdparm'' package is installed: sudo dnf install hdparm To force to spin down after 10 minutes of being idle, add these lines to <code>/etc/rc.local</code>:<pre># power drives down after 10 minutes idle/sbin/hdparm -S120 /dev/sda/sbin/hdparm -S120 /dev/sdb...</pre> Most drives will power down on their own without doing this. Once stopped, the drive may take as long as 30 seconds to respond to a subsequent disk access, though most drives are much quicker. The encoding of the -S timeout value is somewhat peculiar. A value of zero means "timeouts are disabled": the device will not automatically enter standby mode. Values from 1 to 240 specify multiples of 5 seconds, yielding timeouts from 5 seconds to 20 minutes. Values from 241 to 251 specify from 1 to 11 units of 30 minutes, yielding timeouts from 30 minutes to 5.5 hours. A value of 252 signifies a timeout of 21 minutes. A value of 253 sets a vendor-defined timeout period between 8 and 12 hours, and the value 254 is reserved. 255 is interpreted as 21 minutes plus 15 seconds. Note that some older drives may have very different interpretations of these values. It may make the system run cooler and power efficient (especially on a Home Server you are rarely using all of the pool drives at the same time). =Troubleshooting===hda-diskmount==If ''hda-diskmount'' does not mount the hard drive or you prefer to do it manually, complete the following steps: Create the mount point (choose one '''NOT''' in use) [[Open Terminal as root|in a Terminal, as root]] by executing the following:<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mkdir -p /var/hda/files/drives/drive1</div></blockquote>Identify the hard drive to mount and copy the UUID from the output that corresponds to the hard drive (i.e. sdb)<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/</div></blockquote> :EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 1b8597e0-5d95-4474-b093-53099c8c81c9 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 1c161033-c695-4291-aba1-257d3987edf7 -> ../../dm-0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 b7017251-cb54-438b-92a3-781537c565e6 -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 c1fe62b3-41dc-4a67-8a6b-09f90b7893ba -> ../../dm-1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 e0f5a9bd-f52b-431e-89af-61da70659bdd -> ../../dm-2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 <span style="color:#FF0000">'''547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979'''</span> -> ../../sdb1 :The UUID for sdX1 (i.e. sdb1 is <span style="color:#FF0000">'''RED'''</span>).Add the following to the end of ''/etc/fstab'', replacing the UUID as captured in the previous step<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div></blockquote>:EXAMPLE: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span> :The new entry will be mounted as ''/var/hda/files/drives/drive1'' (i.e. sdb1 in '''<span style="color:#0000FF">BLUE</span>''') Mount the hard drive<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mount -a</div></blockquote>:If all goes well, there should not be any output. If there are errors, stop and diagnose the problem. Accomplish [[Adding_Hard_Drives_101#Verify/Test|Verify/Test]] step to ensure the hard drive is properly mounted.<br /> Repeat this process for each hard drive to be mounted. ==Partitions > 2.1TB==If by following this tutorial you are unable to mount hard drives with partitions > 2.1TB, refer to the [[Partitions_Over_2.1_TB|Partitions over 2.1TB]] guidance. =Help=If you need assistance, please post in the [https://forums.amahi.org Amahi Forums] or receive '''LIVE''' support on the [http://talk.amahi.org Amahi IRC channel].html
