<center>{{MessageBox|backgroundcolor = #faa|image =QuickstartWarning.png|heading =WARNING|A secondary hard drive (fat32, ntfs, etc) can be added message = This is recommended only for additional storage in your Amahi HDA. First thing's first'Advanced'' users, make sure your drive is connected properly and detected by the biosproceed with caution.}}</center><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: . You can check this with the following command (run before and after connecting the (USB)disk)8em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin:0px 1em;">
dmesg'''NOTE:''' The Amahi [https://www.amahi.org/apps/disk-wizard Disk Wizard] application (Amahi 8 or greater '''ONLY''') provides this capability from the Dashboard UI.
You'll see something along </div><br />The purpose of this tutorial is to make partitioning, formatting, and mounting hard drives in the lines ofAmahi server simple for those new to Linux.
USB Mass Storage device found at ..In order to keep this process simple, it's important '''NOT''' to connect additional hard drive(s) until the end of the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Preparation|Preparation]] step.
followed by a line with a =Disclaimer=* [https:/dev/sd<x> devicewww.amahi.org Amahi] cannot be held responsible for any data breakage or destruction arising from the use or misuse of this script. We provide it as a service in good will. You accept this automatically if you use the script.
<ul><li>download the * [http://wikien.amahiwikipedia.org/imageswiki/c/c6/Diskmounter.sh diskmounterGUID_Partition_Table GUID-partitioned] script hard drives (use <code>wget ''url''</code>such as those previously used in a Mac or have GPT partition tables)</li><li>run the following command on the script: <code>root@localhost # chmod 755 Diskmounterare not supported in this tutorial.sh</code></li><li>run the script: <code>root@localhost # ./Diskmounter.sh</code><br>Answer "yes" to the prompt to make the drive world writable.</li><li>install pmount if you get an error: <code>root@localhost # yum -y install pmount</code></li><li>try to run the script again: <code>root@localhost # ./Diskmounter.sh</code></li><li>reboot</li><li>check your /etc/fstab how the disk is mounted: <code>root@localhost # cat /etc/fstab</code> (it will usually be the last line that's added). Edit it to where you want to mount it.</li></ul>
=Complete walkthrough=* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_nano nano] is used as the command-line text editor (refer to [http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/42980/the-beginners-guide-to-nano-the-linux-command-line-text-editor/ beginners guide to nano] as needed).
=Prerequisites=
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], verify disk tools are installed by executing:<br />
Your new drive can be configured to mount permanently using the [httpFedora<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding://wiki.amahi.org/images/c/c6/Diskmounter.sh diskmounter] script (thanks to Dennis Kaarsemaker and Luigi Capriotti). 5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text-align: left"> You can use this for adding a new fixed (internal) disk or an external USBdnf -y install pmount fuse fuse-libs ntfs-3g util-linux-ng parted nano</FireWire disk.div>
* Execute the script as :''root'' and answer YES to the prompt to make the drive writable to all users. * Once complete, reboot and the secondary drive should automatically mount. * As user ''root'', edit ''NOTE:''' <code>yum</etccode> (deprecated) has been replaced with <code>dnf</fstab''''' to change location of shared ''//hda'' folders to code> as the secondary drivepackage manager for Fedora 23 and greater. * To run the diskmounter script, in the directory where the file is located, do the followingUbuntu <div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text-align:left"> sudo apt-get -y install gparted</div>
<code>.:'''NOTE:''' Hard drives must be formatted as '''MBR''' not '''GUID/DiskmounterGPT''' for ''hda-diskmount'' to work correctly.sh</code>
This is what =Preparation=[[Open_Terminal_as_root|In terminal as root]], execute the script added for my following to capture current hard driveconfiguration:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: ''Added by diskmounter utility''3px 3px 1em 3px;"> ''ls -l /dev/sdb1 disk/varby-id/hda> before.txt cat before.txt</files vfat rw,user,fmask=0111,dmask=0000 0 0'' div>
I changed second path to ''''':EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../var../hdasda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../files''''' to enable all shared files to be stored on the secondary hard drive. This is the default path for ''/./hda'' file storage system.sda1
If you get Power ''OFF'' the following error "bash: HDA and install/connect any additional hard drive(s).<br /Diskmounter.sh: Permission denied" try executing the following without the commas:>
$ chmod 755 Diskmounter.sh =Identify=After executing that command you should be able to execute Power ''ON'' the HDA and collect data about the Diskmounternew hard drive configuration.sh script Again, save this to a text file for reference.
If you get [[Open_Terminal_as_root|In a terminal as root]], execute the following to capture current hard drive configuration:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: ./Diskmounter.sh5em 1em; background-color: line 48#E6F2FF; margin: pmount: command not found 3px 3px 1em 3px;" try running the following without the commas:> ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/ > after.txt cat after.txt</div>
:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 $ yum ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -y install pmount> ../../sdaThen try again executing the Diskmounter lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../.sh script./sdb
If you get something similar like "Disk :'''FYI:''' IDE/dev/dmSATA hard drives will start with '''ata-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table" or "mount: unknown file system type 'lvm2pv'" its because you have LVMand USB hard drives will start with '''usb-'s that 'fdisk' can not recognize, (or something like that) its nothing to worry about if you get that when executed the Diskmounter.sh script.<br/>
=Partition/Format=
Compare the difference between before.txt and after.txt to determine the new hard drive(s) device name. This can be done automatically.
=If [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the script doesn't work for youfollowing:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> diff before.txt after.txt</div>
These instructions are adapted from [http:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ..//www.mjmwired.net/resources/mjm-fedora-f9.html#ntfs here]sdb
If you're planning At this point, partition and format the hard drive(s) if they are new. For hard drive(s) that contain data to mount a NTFS diskbe preserved, you'll need skip to make sure you have ntfs-3g, fuse and fuse libs all installedthe [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Mount|Mount]] step. If not, login as root and run:
$ yum install fuse fuse==Command-libs ntfs-3gline (Fedora)==To partition the hard drive(s), substitute sdX with hard drive device name, such as ''sdb'':
Then use fdisk [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> parted /dev/sdX</div></blockquote>Up to find 2TB, at the ''(parted)'' prompt, enter:# mklabel msdos (answer ''yes'' if prompted)# mkpart primary 0% 100%# quit<br />Greater than 2TB, at the ''(parted)'' prompt, enter:# mklabel gpt (answer ''yes'' if prompted)# mkpart primary 0% 100%# quit<br />Verify the new partition was created:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> ls -l /dev/disk /by running fdisk -l (this is a lower case L not a id/</div>:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1)root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../.. You may have to give the path (/sbinsdb <span style="color:#FF0000">'''lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65-part1 -> ../fdisk) to make it work../sdb1'''</span>
$ The new partition is named sdX1 (i.e. sdb1 in <span style="color:#FF0000">'''RED'''</sbin/fdisk -lspan>).
This should return Format the needed information about all your diskspartition, execute (can substitute ext3):<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: . Look out for your newly attached disk5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mkfs. In my case in among the results I can find:ext4 -j /dev/sdX1</div></blockquote>
Disk Repeat the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Partition/devFormat|Partition/sdb: 120.0GB 120034123776 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track.... etc etcFormat]] step for each hard drive to be partitioned and formatted.
I know my disk is 120GB so that==GParted (Ubuntu)==From the HDA desktop (or using VNC), [[Open_Terminal_as_root|In a terminal as root]] and type '''gparted'''s the right one. This tells us to launch the name of the new disk which is "sdb" in my caseapplication. Running $ sudo /sbin/fdisk -lu /dev/sdb | grep NTFS
Here's a general introduction on [http://www.youtube.will give you a break down com/watch?v=vdWkdrnNGRg YouTube]. Just use ''ext3'' or ''ext4'' instead of partitions. In my case, there's just one partition, sdb1, so this is the partition I will mount'fat32'' if you follow that tutorial.
Now we can go on to create the mount points if needs beFor drives > 2. But because my 0 TB, following these steps:* Choose hard disk contains all my music, I want it to be mounted as if it were my local "Music" folder, so for me in the mount point already existsdropdown menu (top right)* Select Device > Create Partition Table. But if just want to access your disk easily you could just as easily mount it anywhere. Commonly mount points are put in either /mnt/ or /media/. It doesn> Advanced > (Choose 'gpt't matter where - just be consistent when you are doing this. To do this run these commands as root: $ cd /mnt/) $ mkdir my_ntfs_disk* Create partition
Substituting my_ntfs_disk for whatever you want to call it.
Now we can mount the disk in the desired location. Again as root run this command:<b>NOTE:</b> $ mount [http:/dev/sdb1 /mnt/my_ntfs_drive gparted.org GParted] supports GUID-t ntfspartitioned drives, however, the hda-3g -r -o umask=0222mount script do not support currently.
This command will make Repeat the mounted [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Partition/Format|Partition/Format]] step for each hard drive read only. That's great if that's what you want, but for me, since I want to save my music there, I need it to be read partitioned and writeableformatted. For this you'll use:
$ mount /dev/sdb1 =Mount=Mount the hard drive(s)/mnt/my_ntfs_drive -t ntfs-3g -rw -o umask=0000partition(s) for use in the HDA.
or in my case:'''NOTE:''' If you prefer not to use ''hda-diskmount'', refer to [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#hda-diskmount|Troubleshooting ''hda-diskmount]].
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following(it will create drive1, drive2, etc $ and mount /dev/sdb1 /home/USERNAME/Music the hard drive(s) automatically):<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-t ntfscolor: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> hda-3g -rw -o umask=0000diskmount</div>
because I :EXAMPLE: **************************************************************** Ignoring /dev/sda1 - already in /etc/fstab or mounted **************************************************************** Mounted /dev/<strong style="color:green">sdb1</strong> as '<strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/drive1</strong>' (read-write) You may want your system to mount it mounted in my every time you boot. To do so, add this line VERY CAREFULLY to /etc/fstab and reboot: <strong style="Musiccolor:blue" file.>UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2</strong> **************************************************************** All Linux, Windows and Mac partitions on non-removable disks have been mounted
Remember The line in both of these commands <span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</span> is what you'll need to substitute sdb1 with whatever copy and add to the partition namebottom of ''/etc/number fstab''. This is on your machine. And in '''REQUIRED''' for the second command USERNAME is your linux usernamehard drive(s) to be permanently mounted.
If you now go to your desktop, you should see the There will be multiple lines for multiple hard drive is mounted there(s) added. Click on it to see Ensure you copy and add '''ONLY''' those which were not present in the contents are there''before. If youtxt've mounted it as say So far so good? Ok, let's continuefile.
What you've achieved so far is a temporary mounting of the The new hard drive/partition. That shows it storage space can be done but you'll need to make it permanent otherwise when you reboot it'll disappear againused for [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#All Shares|All Shares]], [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Some Shares|Some Shares]], or the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Greyhole Storage Pool|Greyhole Storage Pool]]. For this you need to edit fstab with your favourite text editor Follow the guidance below based on desired usage for each hard drive. As root run:
$ gedit /etc/fstab==All Shares==Host '''ALL''' shares on the new hard drive.
A text editor window will pop up. Enter this on Move all the shares data to the new drive, replacing path in '''<span style="color: red;">RED</span>''' with the path from the last ''hda-diskmount'' output linein <span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</span>.<br />
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mv /devvar/sdb1 hda/mntfiles/my_ntfs_drive ntfs-3g ro,defaults,umask* <strong style=0222 0 0"color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/drive1/</strong></div>
* change :'''ro to rwNOTE:''' and There may be a '''umask=0222 to umask=0000WARNING'''that can be ignored indicating '' if you want it /var/hda/files/drives cannot be moved to be writablea subdirectory of itself''.
YouUnmount the new hard drive:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> umount /var/hda/files/drives/drive1/</div>Mount the new hard drive permanently as 'll need '/var/hda/files'' by editing ''/etc/fstab'':<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div>Add the line to do this for every partition, so if you have several partitions on sdb, ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the last lines of you fstab may look something like this''hda-diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>''' and change the second value (path) to ''/var/hda/files''.
:EXAMPLE hda-diskmount output (Original): <span style="color: blue;">UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 <strong>/dev/sdb1 var/mnthda/my_ntfs_drive_C ntfs-3g ro,defaults,umask=0222 0 0files/devdrives/sdb2 drive1</mntstrong> ext4 defaults 1 2</my_ntfs_drive_D ntfsspan>:EXAMPLE hda-3g ro,defaults,umaskdiskmount output (Modified): UUID=0222 0 0547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 <strong>/devvar/sdb3 hda/mntfiles</my_ntfs_drive_E ntfs-3g ro,strong> ext4 defaults,umask=0222 0 01 2
When you reboot:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, you should find your data where you want itby reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>Finally, execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mount -a ls /var/hda/files/</div>The last command will display contents of the new hard drive. All shares are now located on the new hard drive.
= Guide to Adding a Hard Drive to Fedora =Some Shares==Host '''SOME''' shares on the new hard drive.
This is a good guide, for advanced users, Move some shares data to adding a hard the new drive by executing the following command (replace path in '''<span style="color: red;">RED</span>''' with the path from the ''hda-diskmount'' output line in <span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</span>; sharename will be the share to Fedora:move to the new drive).<br />
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> httpmv /var/hda/files/<strong>sharename</strong> <strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/fedoranews.orgdrive1/tchung</storagestrong></div>Repeat the process with every share to be moved to the new drive.
And a good fedora 9 guide here, including a section on adding a Unmount the new hard drive here:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> umount /var/hda/files/drives/drive1</div>
httpMount the new hard drive permanently by editing ''/etc/fstab'': <div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div>Add the line to ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the ''hda-diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>'''.:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>Verify the hard drive(s)/partition(s) configuration is correct in ''/etc/fstab''. Next, execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mount -a ls /var/hda/files/drives/drive1</div>The last command will display contents of the new hard drive. All shares are now located on the new hard drive. '''<u>HDA Dashboard Update</u><br />'''The location of each share that was moved to the new hard drive will need updated. Select ''Setup'' followed by the ''Shares'' section. Expand each share that was moved individually and change the location (path) accordingly. For example, the original movies location was <span style="color:red">/var/hda/files/movies</span> but the new location might be <span style="color:blue">/var/hda/files/drives/drive1/movies</span>. Repeat for any other shares that you have moved to the new hard drive. Verify these shares are accessible from another machine within your network. '''NOTE:''' If any services depend on the location of a moved share, ensure they are configured to use the new share location. For example, if [https://www.mjmwiredamahi.org/apps/dlna DLNA] is installed, check the configuration file to verify it can find the new share location. Secondly, validate that that all such services start correctly and behave as expected.netIf the service doesn't start, it may be that it's looking for a specific share location during the service start up. ==Greyhole Storage Pool==Use new hard drive for [[Storage_pooling|Greyhole Storage Pool]]. [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], mount the new hard drive permanently by editing ''/resourcesetc/mjmfstab'':<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-fedoracolor: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div>Add the line to ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the ''hda-f9diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>'''.:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>Verify the hard drive(s)/partition(s) configuration is correct in ''/etc/fstab''. Refer to [[Greyhole#Amahi 6|Greyhole (Amahi 6)]] for Ubuntu or [[Greyhole#Amahi 7|Greyhole (Amahi 7)]] for Fedora to configure the [[Storage_pooling|Greyhole Storage Pool]]. =Verify/Test=Verify the hard drive/partition is mounted. [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> df -h</div> :EXAMPLE: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda5 16G 4.3G 11G 30% / devtmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev tmpfs 498M 84K 498M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 498M 364K 498M 1% /run tmpfs 498M 0 498M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 498M 1.1M 497M 1% /tmp /dev/sda1 190M 75M 102M 43% /boot /dev/sdb1 917G 398G 473G 46% /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 The hard drive(s) and the mount point (path) should be listed for each hard drive added. If not, then further investigation will be needed to determine the problem.<br /> =Tips===Mount Order==The following guide will outline how to manually order hard drives and mount them automatically on boot. [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], executing the following command to obtain the UUID for each hard drive:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> blkid</div>:EXAMPLE: /dev/sda1: LABEL="Seagate-Alpha2TB" UUID="55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdb1: LABEL="Seagate-Beta2TB" UUID="5bd5498f-30c1-4780-948e-ca46656507d2" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdc1: LABEL="WD-Charlie2TB" UUID="a7337504-376a-4d36-9f7a-1a24c0f55fbd" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdd1: LABEL="WD-Delta2TB" UUID="8d881dcb-8de3-4621-b9bd-00025196868a" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sde1: LABEL="root" UUID="4d6f8004-d190-4234-a03b-b68de988abf0" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sde3: LABEL="home" UUID="d0531fa1-9311-4d53-b838-f35898adbd98" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sde5: LABEL="swap" UUID="3c39206c-ba60-47ff-a1fe-f5821b2ab543" TYPE="swap" In this case, there are four data drives (sda1, sdb1, sdc1, sdd1) and the Operating system assigned to a fifth drive, sde. Take note of the UUID's for each drive. Easiest to cut and paste UUID's straight from the terminal. Edit ''/etc/fstab'' to mount each drive:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div>Then '''very carefully''' add the following line for each disk into the end of the fstab file. Ensure correct UUID, hard drive number and hard drive file system (ext4 in this case) are added. :EXAMPLE: UUID=55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2 It should look something like the following when lines are added for each of the five drives in this example. :EXAMPLE: # Mounting Greyhole Drives for Drive Pool. # # Drive1 = Seagate-Alpha2TB in Microserver Bay 1 from left UUID=55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive2 = Seagate-Beta2TB in Microserver Bay 2 from left UUID=5bd5498f-30c1-4780-948e-ca46656507d2 /var/hda/files/drives/drive2 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive3 = WD-Charlie2TB in Microserver Bay 3 from left UUID=a7337504-376a-4d36-9f7a-1a24c0f55fbd /var/hda/files/drives/drive3 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive4 = WD-Delta2TB in Microserver Bay 4 from left UUID=8d881dcb-8de3-4621-b9bd-00025196868a /var/hda/files/drives/drive4 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive5 = 250GB OS Drive mounted in Optical Drive bay UUID="4d6f8004-d190-4234-a03b-b68de988abf0 /var/hda/files/drives/drive5 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # :'''NOTE:''' Lines beginning with # are comments where the remainder of the line is ignored Verify there are no issues by executing the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mount -a</div>If there are errors,most likely a line was not added properly. If this is not corrected, the machine may not boot and hang trying to mount the hard drives! Once there are no errors, reboot machine:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> reboot</div>Verify the hard drives have successfully mounted in the '''HDA Dashboard'''. If all drives mounted successfully, it should look something like this (Ubuntu): :EXAMPLE:[[File:Gstreet_greyhole_pool.png|options|caption]] ==Bad Blocks==Optionally, you can test your new drive for bad blocks.<br/> :'''NOTE:''' This can take a ''long'' time to complete! Recommend starting it in the evening so it will be completed the next day. [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute following command (replace '''sdb1''' with the (<strong style="color:blue">BLUE</strong>) value you received from ''hda-diskmount''):<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> e2fsck -cn /dev/'''sdb1'''</div>You'll receive a message stating '''WARNING!!!''' ''Running e2fsck on a mounted filesystem may cause SEVERE filesystem damage. Do you really want to continue (y/n)?''<br/> Answer ''yes''. The <code>-cn</code> option we're using can safely be used on mounted file systems.==Spin Down Hard Drives== Low power is a good thing to have in servers. If you do not use your server very often, you may want to force the hard drives to spin down faster than the default. Here is how. First ensure ''hdparm'' package is installed: sudo dnf install hdparm To force to spin down after 10 minutes of being idle, add these lines to <code>/etc/rc.local</code>:<pre># power drives down after 10 minutes idle/sbin/hdparm -S120 /dev/sda/sbin/hdparm -S120 /dev/sdb...</pre> Most drives will power down on their own without doing this. Once stopped, the drive may take as long as 30 seconds to respond to a subsequent disk access, though most drives are much quicker. The encoding of the -S timeout value is somewhat peculiar. A value of zero means "timeouts are disabled": the device will not automatically enter standby mode. Values from 1 to 240 specify multiples of 5 seconds, yielding timeouts from 5 seconds to 20 minutes. Values from 241 to 251 specify from 1 to 11 units of 30 minutes, yielding timeouts from 30 minutes to 5.5 hours. A value of 252 signifies a timeout of 21 minutes. A value of 253 sets a vendor-defined timeout period between 8 and 12 hours, and the value 254 is reserved. 255 is interpreted as 21 minutes plus 15 seconds. Note that some older drives may have very different interpretations of these values. It may make the system run cooler and power efficient (especially on a Home Server you are rarely using all of the pool drives at the same time). =Troubleshooting===hda-diskmount==If ''hda-diskmount'' does not mount the hard drive or you prefer to do it manually, complete the following steps: Create the mount point (choose one '''NOT''' in use) [[Open Terminal as root|in a Terminal, as root]] by executing the following:<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mkdir -p /var/hda/files/drives/drive1</div></blockquote>Identify the hard drive to mount and copy the UUID from the output that corresponds to the hard drive (i.e. sdb)<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/</div></blockquote> :EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 1b8597e0-5d95-4474-b093-53099c8c81c9 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 1c161033-c695-4291-aba1-257d3987edf7 -> ../../dm-0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 b7017251-cb54-438b-92a3-781537c565e6 -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 c1fe62b3-41dc-4a67-8a6b-09f90b7893ba -> ../../dm-1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 e0f5a9bd-f52b-431e-89af-61da70659bdd -> ../../dm-2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 <span style="color:#FF0000">'''547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979'''</span> -> ../../sdb1 :The UUID for sdX1 (i.e. sdb1 is <span style="color:#FF0000">'''RED'''</span>).Add the following to the end of ''/etc/fstab'', replacing the UUID as captured in the previous step<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div></blockquote>:EXAMPLE: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span> :The new entry will be mounted as ''/var/hda/files/drives/drive1'' (i.e. sdb1 in '''<span style="color:#0000FF">BLUE</span>''') Mount the hard drive<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mount -a</div></blockquote>:If all goes well, there should not be any output. If there are errors, stop and diagnose the problem. Accomplish [[Adding_Hard_Drives_101#Verify/Test|Verify/Test]] step to ensure the hard drive is properly mounted.<br /> Repeat this process for each hard drive to be mounted. ==Partitions > 2.1TB==If by following this tutorial you are unable to mount hard drives with partitions > 2.1TB, refer to the [[Partitions_Over_2.1_TB|Partitions over 2.1TB]] guidance. =Help=If you need assistance, please post in the [https://forums.amahi.org Amahi Forums] or receive '''LIVE''' support on the [http://talk.amahi.org Amahi IRC channel].html
