<center>{{MessageBox|backgroundcolor = #faa|image =QuickstartWarning.png|heading =WARNING|A secondary hard drive (fat32message = This is recommended only for ''Advanced'' users, ntfs, etc) can be added for additional storage in your Amahi HDAproceed with caution.}}</center><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .8em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 0px 1em;">
First thing's first, make sure your drive is formatted properly, connected properly and detected by the bios''NOTE:''' The Amahi [https://www.amahi. You can check org/apps/disk-wizard Disk Wizard] application (Amahi 8 or greater '''ONLY''') provides this with capability from the following command (run before and after connecting the (USB)disk):Dashboard UI.
dmesg</div><br />The purpose of this tutorial is to make partitioning, formatting, and mounting hard drives in the Amahi server simple for those new to Linux.
YouIn order to keep this process simple, it'll see something along s important '''NOT''' to connect additional hard drive(s) until the lines end ofthe [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Preparation|Preparation]] step.
USB Mass Storage device found at =Disclaimer=* [https://www.amahi.org Amahi] cannot be held responsible for any data breakage or destruction arising from the use or misuse of this script. We provide it as a service in good will. You accept this automatically if you use the script.
followed by a line with a * [http://en.wikipedia.org/devwiki/sd<x> deviceGUID_Partition_Table GUID-partitioned] hard drives (such as those previously used in a Mac or have GPT partition tables) are not supported in this tutorial.
<ul><li>download the * [http://wikien.amahiwikipedia.org/imageswiki/c/c6/Diskmounter.sh diskmounterGNU_nano nano] script (use <code> wget ''url'' </code> if using ssh)</li><li>run is used as the following command on the script-line text editor (refer to [http: <code>root@localhost # chmod 755 Diskmounter.sh</code></li><li>run the script: <code>root@localhost # www.howtogeek.com/howto/Diskmounter.sh<42980/code><br>Answer "yes" to the prompt -beginners-guide-to make -nano-the drive world writable.</li><li>install pmount if you get an error: <code>root@localhost # yum -y install pmount</code><linux-command-line-text-editor/li><li>try beginners guide to run the script again: <code>root@localhost # ./Diskmounter.sh</code></li><li>reboot</li><li>check your /etc/fstab how the disk is mounted: <code>root@localhost # cat /etc/fstab</code> (it will usually be the last line that's addednano] as needed). Edit it to where you want to mount it.</li></ul>
=Complete walkthroughPrerequisites=[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], verify disk tools are installed by executing:<br />
Fedora
<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text-align: left">
dnf -y install pmount fuse fuse-libs ntfs-3g util-linux-ng parted nano
</div>
Your new drive can be configured to mount permanently using the [http:'''NOTE:''' <code>yum</code> (deprecated) has been replaced with <code>dnf</wikicode> as the package manager for Fedora 23 and greater.amahi.org/images/c/c6/Diskmounter.sh diskmounter] script (thanks to Dennis Kaarsemaker and Luigi Capriotti)Ubuntu <div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: . 5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text-align: left"> You can use this for adding a new fixed (internal) disk or an external USBsudo apt-get -y install gparted</FireWire disk.div>
* Make sure you have pmount installed: yum -y install pmount* Execute the script as ''root'NOTE:''' and answer YES to the prompt to make the drive writable to all users. * Once complete, reboot and the secondary drive should automatically mount. * As user Hard drives must be formatted as ''root'MBR', edit ''not '''GUID/etc/fstab''GPT''' to change location of shared for ''//hda-diskmount'' folders to the secondary drivework correctly. * To run the diskmounter script, in the directory where the file is located, do the following:
=Preparation=[[Open_Terminal_as_root|In terminal as root]], execute the following to capture current hard drive configuration:<codediv style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/ > before./Diskmountertxt cat before.shtxt</codediv>
This is what the script added for my drive:EXAMPLE: ''Added by diskmounter utility''lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ''ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../dev../sdb1 /varsda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../hda../files vfat rw,user,fmask=0111,dmask=0000 0 0'' sda1
I changed second path to 'Power ''OFF''the HDA and install/var/hda/files''''' to enable all shared files to be stored on the secondary connect any additional hard drive(s). This is the default path for ''/<br /hda'' file storage system.>
If you get =Identify=Power ''ON'' the following error "bash: HDA and collect data about the new hard drive configuration./Diskmounter Again, save this to a text file for reference.sh: Permission denied" try executing the following without the commas:
[[Open_Terminal_as_root|In a terminal as root]], execute the following to capture current hard drive configuration:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: $ chmod 755 Diskmounter3px 3px 1em 3px;"> ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/ > after.sh txtAfter executing that command you should be able to execute the Diskmounter.sh script cat after.txt</div>
If you get something similar like "Disk :EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../dev../dmsda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table" or "mount02-18 03: unknown file system type 'lvm2pv'" its because you have LVM's that 'fdisk' can not recognize, (or something like that) its nothing to worry about if you get that when executed the Diskmounter24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> .sh script./../sdb
:'''FYI:''' IDE/SATA hard drives will start with '''ata-''' and USB hard drives will start with '''usb-'''.<br/>
=If Partition/Format=Compare the script doesn't work for you=difference between before.txt and after.txt to determine the new hard drive(s) device name. This can be done automatically.
These instructions are adapted from [http[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding://www.mjmwired5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> diff before.txt after.nettxt</resources/mjm-fedora-f9.html#ntfs here]div>
If you're planning to mount a NTFS disk, you'll need to make sure you have ntfs:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-3g, fuse and fuse libs all installed02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../.. If not, login as root and run:/sdb
At this point, partition and format the hard drive(s) if they are new. $ yum install fuse fuse-libs ntfs-3gFor hard drive(s) that contain data to be preserved, skip to the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Mount|Mount]] step.
Then use fdisk to find the disk by running fdisk ==Command-l line (this is a lower case L not a 1Fedora). You may have to give ==To partition the path hard drive(/sbin/fdisks) to make it work., substitute sdX with hard drive device name, such as ''sdb'':
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> $ parted /dev/sbinsdX</fdisk div></blockquote>Up to 2TB, at the ''(parted)'' prompt, enter:# mklabel msdos (answer ''yes'' if prompted)# mkpart primary 0% 100%# quit<br />Greater than 2TB, at the ''(parted)'' prompt, enter:# mklabel gpt (answer ''yes'' if prompted)# mkpart primary 0% 100%# quit<br />Verify the new partition was created:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> ls -l/dev/disk/by-id/</div>:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../../sdb <span style="color:#FF0000">'''lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65-part1 -> ../../sdb1'''</span>
This should return the needed information about all your disksThe new partition is named sdX1 (i. Look out for your newly attached diske. In my case sdb1 in among the results I can find<span style="color:#FF0000">'''RED'''</span>).
Disk Format the partition, execute (can substitute ext3):<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mkfs.ext4 -j /dev/sdb: 120.0GB 120034123776 bytessdX1255 heads, 63 sectors</div></track.... etc etc.blockquote>
I know my disk is 120GB so that's Repeat the right one. This tells us the name of the new disk which is "sdb" in my case. Running $ sudo [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Partition/sbinFormat|Partition/fdisk -lu /dev/sdb | grep NTFSFormat]] step for each hard drive to be partitioned and formatted.
..will give you ==GParted (Ubuntu)==From the HDA desktop (or using VNC), [[Open_Terminal_as_root|In a break down of partitions. In my case, thereterminal as root]] and type '''gparted'''s just one partition, sdb1, so this is to launch the partition I will mountapplication.
Now we can go Here's a general introduction on to create the mount points if needs be[http://www. But because my disk contains all my music, I want it to be mounted as if it were my local "Music" folder, so for me the mount point already existsyoutube. But if just want to access your disk easily you could just as easily mount it anywherecom/watch?v=vdWkdrnNGRg YouTube]. Commonly mount points are put in either /mnt/ Just use ''ext3'' or /media/. It doesn't matter where - just be consistent when 'ext4'' instead of ''fat32'' if you are doing thisfollow that tutorial. To do this run these commands as root: $ cd /mnt/ $ mkdir my_ntfs_disk
Substituting my_ntfs_disk for whatever you want to call itFor drives > 2. 0 TB, following these steps:* Choose hard disk in the dropdown menu (top right)* Select Device > Create Partition Table... > Advanced > (Choose 'gpt')* Create partition
Now we can mount the disk in the desired location. Again as root run this command:
$ mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/my_ntfs_drive -t ntfs-3g -r -o umask=0222
This command will make the mounted drive read only:<b>NOTE:</b> [http://gparted. That's great if that's what you wantorg GParted] supports GUID-partitioned drives, but for mehowever, since I want to save my music there, I need it to be read and writeablethe hda-mount script do not support currently. For this you'll use:
$ mount Repeat the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Partition/devFormat|Partition/sdb1 /mnt/my_ntfs_drive -t ntfs-3g -rw -o umask=0000Format]] step for each hard drive to be partitioned and formatted.
or =Mount=Mount the hard drive(s)/partition(s) for use in my casethe HDA.
:'''NOTE:''' $ mount /dev/sdb1 /home/USERNAME/Music If you prefer not to use ''hda-t ntfsdiskmount'', refer to [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#hda-3g diskmount|Troubleshooting ''hda-rw -o umask=0000diskmount]].
because I want [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following(it mounted in my will create drive1, drive2, etc and mount the hard drive(s) automatically):<div style="Musicborder: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;" file.> hda-diskmount</div>
Remember :EXAMPLE: **************************************************************** Ignoring /dev/sda1 - already in both of these commands /etc/fstab or mounted **************************************************************** Mounted /dev/<strong style="color:green">sdb1</strong> as '<strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/drive1</strong>' (read-write) You may want your system to mount it every time you'll need boot. To do so, add this line VERY CAREFULLY to substitute sdb1 with whatever the partition name/number is etc/fstab and reboot: <strong style="color:blue">UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2</strong> **************************************************************** All Linux, Windows and Mac partitions on your machine. And in the second command USERNAME is your linux username.non-removable disks have been mounted
If The line in <span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</span> is what you now go need to your desktop, you should see the drive is mounted there. Click on it copy and add to see the contents are therebottom of ''/etc/fstab''. If you This is '''REQUIRED''ve mounted it as say So far so good? Ok, let'for the hard drive(s continue) to be permanently mounted.
What There will be multiple lines for multiple hard drive(s) added. Ensure youcopy and add '''ONLY'''ve achieved so far is a temporary mounting of those which were not present in the drive/partition''before. That shows it can be done but youtxt'll need to make it permanent otherwise when you reboot it'll disappear again. For this you need to edit fstab with your favourite text editorfile. As root run:
The new hard drive storage space can be used for [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#All Shares|All Shares]], [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Some Shares|Some Shares]], or the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Greyhole Storage Pool|Greyhole Storage Pool]]. $ gedit /etc/fstabFollow the guidance below based on desired usage for each hard drive.
A text editor window will pop up. Enter this ==All Shares==Host '''ALL''' shares on the last line:new hard drive.
Move all the shares data to the new drive, replacing path in '''<span style="color: red;">RED</devspan>''' with the path from the ''hda-diskmount'' output line in <span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</sdb1 span>.<br /mnt/my_ntfs_drive ntfs-3g ro,defaults,umask=0222 0 0>
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mv /var/hda/files/* change '''ro to rw''' and '''umask=0222 to umask<strong style=0000''' if you want it to be writable."color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/drive1/</strong></div>
You:'ll need ''NOTE:''' There may be a '''WARNING''' that can be ignored indicating ''/var/hda/files/drives cannot be moved to do this for every partition, so if you have several partitions on sdb, the last lines a subdirectory of you fstab may look something like thisitself''.
Unmount the new hard drive:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> umount /devvar/sdb1 hda/mntfiles/my_ntfs_drive_C ntfs-3g ro,defaults,umask=0222 0 0drives/drive1/</div>Mount the new hard drive permanently as ''/devvar/sdb2 hda/mntfiles'' by editing ''/my_ntfs_drive_D ntfsetc/fstab'':<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-3g ro,defaults,umask=0222 0 0color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /devetc/fstab</sdb3 div>Add the line to ''/mntetc/my_ntfs_drive_E ntfsfstab'' provided in the ''hda-3g ro,defaults,umaskdiskmount'' output in '''<span style=0222 0 0"color: blue;">BLUE</span>''' and change the second value (path) to ''/var/hda/files''.
When you reboot, you should find your data where you want it. :EXAMPLE hda-diskmount output (Original): <span style="color: blue;">UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 <strong>/var/hda/files/drives/drive1</strong> ext4 defaults 1 2</span>:EXAMPLE hda-diskmount output (Modified): UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 <strong>/var/hda/files</strong> ext4 defaults 1 2
:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID= Guide to Adding 1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>Finally, execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mount -a Hard Drive to Fedora = ls /var/hda/files/</div>The last command will display contents of the new hard drive. All shares are now located on the new hard drive.
This is a good guide, for advanced users, to adding a ==Some Shares==Host '''SOME''' shares on the new hard drive to Fedora:.
httpMove some shares data to the new drive by executing the following command (replace path in '''<span style="color:red;">RED</span>''' with the path from the ''hda-diskmount'' output line in <span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</fedoranewsspan>; sharename will be the share to move to the new drive).org/tchung/storage<br />
And [[Open Terminal as root|In a good fedora 9 guide hereTerminal, including a section on adding a hard as root]], execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mv /var/hda/files/<strong>sharename</strong> <strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/drive1/</strong></div>Repeat the process with every share to be moved to the new drive here:.
httpUnmount the new hard drive: <div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> umount /var/hda/files/drives/drive1</div> Mount the new hard drive permanently by editing ''/etc/fstab'': <div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div>Add the line to ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the ''hda-diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>'''.:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>Verify the hard drive(s)/partition(s) configuration is correct in ''/etc/fstab''. Next, execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mount -a ls /var/hda/files/drives/drive1</div>The last command will display contents of the new hard drive. All shares are now located on the new hard drive. '''<u>HDA Dashboard Update</u><br />'''The location of each share that was moved to the new hard drive will need updated. Select ''Setup'' followed by the ''Shares'' section. Expand each share that was moved individually and change the location (path) accordingly. For example, the original movies location was <span style="color:red">/var/hda/files/movies</span> but the new location might be <span style="color:blue">/var/hda/files/drives/drive1/movies</span>. Repeat for any other shares that you have moved to the new hard drive. Verify these shares are accessible from another machine within your network. '''NOTE:''' If any services depend on the location of a moved share, ensure they are configured to use the new share location. For example, if [https://www.mjmwiredamahi.org/apps/dlna DLNA] is installed, check the configuration file to verify it can find the new share location. Secondly, validate that that all such services start correctly and behave as expected. If the service doesn't start, it may be that it's looking for a specific share location during the service start up. ==Greyhole Storage Pool==Use new hard drive for [[Storage_pooling|Greyhole Storage Pool]]. [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], mount the new hard drive permanently by editing ''/etc/fstab'':<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div>Add the line to ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the ''hda-diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>'''.:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>Verify the hard drive(s)/partition(s) configuration is correct in ''/etc/fstab''. Refer to [[Greyhole#Amahi 6|Greyhole (Amahi 6)]] for Ubuntu or [[Greyhole#Amahi 7|Greyhole (Amahi 7)]] for Fedora to configure the [[Storage_pooling|Greyhole Storage Pool]].net =Verify/resourcesTest=Verify the hard drive/mjmpartition is mounted. [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-fedoracolor: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> df -f9h</div> :EXAMPLE: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda5 16G 4.3G 11G 30% / devtmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev tmpfs 498M 84K 498M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 498M 364K 498M 1% /run tmpfs 498M 0 498M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 498M 1.1M 497M 1% /tmp /dev/sda1 190M 75M 102M 43% /boot /dev/sdb1 917G 398G 473G 46% /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 The hard drive(s) and the mount point (path) should be listed for each hard drive added. If not, then further investigation will be needed to determine the problem.<br /> =Tips===Mount Order==The following guide will outline how to manually order hard drives and mount them automatically on boot. [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], executing the following command to obtain the UUID for each hard drive:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> blkid</div>:EXAMPLE: /dev/sda1: LABEL="Seagate-Alpha2TB" UUID="55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdb1: LABEL="Seagate-Beta2TB" UUID="5bd5498f-30c1-4780-948e-ca46656507d2" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdc1: LABEL="WD-Charlie2TB" UUID="a7337504-376a-4d36-9f7a-1a24c0f55fbd" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdd1: LABEL="WD-Delta2TB" UUID="8d881dcb-8de3-4621-b9bd-00025196868a" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sde1: LABEL="root" UUID="4d6f8004-d190-4234-a03b-b68de988abf0" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sde3: LABEL="home" UUID="d0531fa1-9311-4d53-b838-f35898adbd98" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sde5: LABEL="swap" UUID="3c39206c-ba60-47ff-a1fe-f5821b2ab543" TYPE="swap" In this case, there are four data drives (sda1, sdb1, sdc1, sdd1) and the Operating system assigned to a fifth drive, sde. Take note of the UUID's for each drive. Easiest to cut and paste UUID's straight from the terminal. Edit ''/etc/fstab'' to mount each drive:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div>Then '''very carefully''' add the following line for each disk into the end of the fstab file. Ensure correct UUID, hard drive number and hard drive file system (ext4 in this case) are added. :EXAMPLE: UUID=55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2 It should look something like the following when lines are added for each of the five drives in this example. :EXAMPLE: # Mounting Greyhole Drives for Drive Pool. # # Drive1 = Seagate-Alpha2TB in Microserver Bay 1 from left UUID=55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive2 = Seagate-Beta2TB in Microserver Bay 2 from left UUID=5bd5498f-30c1-4780-948e-ca46656507d2 /var/hda/files/drives/drive2 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive3 = WD-Charlie2TB in Microserver Bay 3 from left UUID=a7337504-376a-4d36-9f7a-1a24c0f55fbd /var/hda/files/drives/drive3 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive4 = WD-Delta2TB in Microserver Bay 4 from left UUID=8d881dcb-8de3-4621-b9bd-00025196868a /var/hda/files/drives/drive4 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive5 = 250GB OS Drive mounted in Optical Drive bay UUID="4d6f8004-d190-4234-a03b-b68de988abf0 /var/hda/files/drives/drive5 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # :'''NOTE:''' Lines beginning with # are comments where the remainder of the line is ignored Verify there are no issues by executing the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mount -a</div>If there are errors,most likely a line was not added properly. If this is not corrected, the machine may not boot and hang trying to mount the hard drives! Once there are no errors, reboot machine:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> reboot</div>Verify the hard drives have successfully mounted in the '''HDA Dashboard'''. If all drives mounted successfully, it should look something like this (Ubuntu): :EXAMPLE:[[File:Gstreet_greyhole_pool.png|options|caption]] ==Bad Blocks==Optionally, you can test your new drive for bad blocks.<br/> :'''NOTE:''' This can take a ''long'' time to complete! Recommend starting it in the evening so it will be completed the next day. [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute following command (replace '''sdb1''' with the (<strong style="color:blue">BLUE</strong>) value you received from ''hda-diskmount''):<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> e2fsck -cn /dev/'''sdb1'''</div>You'll receive a message stating '''WARNING!!!''' ''Running e2fsck on a mounted filesystem may cause SEVERE filesystem damage. Do you really want to continue (y/n)?''<br/> Answer ''yes''. The <code>-cn</code> option we're using can safely be used on mounted file systems.==Spin Down Hard Drives== Low power is a good thing to have in servers. If you do not use your server very often, you may want to force the hard drives to spin down faster than the default. Here is how. First ensure ''hdparm'' package is installed: sudo dnf install hdparm To force to spin down after 10 minutes of being idle, add these lines to <code>/etc/rc.local</code>:<pre># power drives down after 10 minutes idle/sbin/hdparm -S120 /dev/sda/sbin/hdparm -S120 /dev/sdb...</pre> Most drives will power down on their own without doing this. Once stopped, the drive may take as long as 30 seconds to respond to a subsequent disk access, though most drives are much quicker. The encoding of the -S timeout value is somewhat peculiar. A value of zero means "timeouts are disabled": the device will not automatically enter standby mode. Values from 1 to 240 specify multiples of 5 seconds, yielding timeouts from 5 seconds to 20 minutes. Values from 241 to 251 specify from 1 to 11 units of 30 minutes, yielding timeouts from 30 minutes to 5.5 hours. A value of 252 signifies a timeout of 21 minutes. A value of 253 sets a vendor-defined timeout period between 8 and 12 hours, and the value 254 is reserved. 255 is interpreted as 21 minutes plus 15 seconds. Note that some older drives may have very different interpretations of these values. It may make the system run cooler and power efficient (especially on a Home Server you are rarely using all of the pool drives at the same time). =Troubleshooting===hda-diskmount==If ''hda-diskmount'' does not mount the hard drive or you prefer to do it manually, complete the following steps: Create the mount point (choose one '''NOT''' in use) [[Open Terminal as root|in a Terminal, as root]] by executing the following:<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mkdir -p /var/hda/files/drives/drive1</div></blockquote>Identify the hard drive to mount and copy the UUID from the output that corresponds to the hard drive (i.e. sdb)<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/</div></blockquote> :EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 1b8597e0-5d95-4474-b093-53099c8c81c9 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 1c161033-c695-4291-aba1-257d3987edf7 -> ../../dm-0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 b7017251-cb54-438b-92a3-781537c565e6 -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 c1fe62b3-41dc-4a67-8a6b-09f90b7893ba -> ../../dm-1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 e0f5a9bd-f52b-431e-89af-61da70659bdd -> ../../dm-2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 <span style="color:#FF0000">'''547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979'''</span> -> ../../sdb1 :The UUID for sdX1 (i.e. sdb1 is <span style="color:#FF0000">'''RED'''</span>).Add the following to the end of ''/etc/fstab'', replacing the UUID as captured in the previous step<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div></blockquote>:EXAMPLE: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span> :The new entry will be mounted as ''/var/hda/files/drives/drive1'' (i.e. sdb1 in '''<span style="color:#0000FF">BLUE</span>''') Mount the hard drive<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mount -a</div></blockquote>:If all goes well, there should not be any output. If there are errors, stop and diagnose the problem. Accomplish [[Adding_Hard_Drives_101#Verify/Test|Verify/Test]] step to ensure the hard drive is properly mounted.<br /> Repeat this process for each hard drive to be mounted. ==Partitions > 2.1TB==If by following this tutorial you are unable to mount hard drives with partitions > 2.1TB, refer to the [[Partitions_Over_2.1_TB|Partitions over 2.1TB]] guidance. =Help=If you need assistance, please post in the [https://forums.amahi.org Amahi Forums] or receive '''LIVE''' support on the [http://talk.amahi.org Amahi IRC channel].html
