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Adding a second hard drive to your HDA (view source)

Revision as of 15:05, 26 August 2020

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→‎Command-line (Fedora)
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'''NOTE:''' The Amahi [https://www.amahi.org/apps/disk-wizard Disk Wizard] application (Amahi 8 or greater '''ONLY''') provides this capability from the Dashboard UI.
NOTE: </div><br />The purpose of this tutorial is an '''advanced''' howto on how to add a drive make partitioning, formatting, and mounting hard drives in the Amahi server simple for those new to your HDALinux.
In order to keep this process simple, it's important '''NOT''' to connect additional hard drive(s) until the end of the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Preparation|Preparation]] step.
=QuickstartDisclaimer=A secondary hard drive (fat32, ntfs, etc) can * [https://www.amahi.org Amahi] cannot be added held responsible for additional storage any data breakage or destruction arising from the use or misuse of this script. We provide it as a service in your Amahi HDAgood will. You accept this automatically if you use the script.
First thing's first, make sure your drive is detected by the BIOS, connected properly and formatted properly* [http://en. Once the BIOS sees it, you need to wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table GUID-partitioned] hard drives (such as those previously used in a Mac or have it partitionedGPT partition tables) are not supported in this tutorial.
You can check this with * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_nano nano] is used as the following command -line text editor (run before and after connecting refer to [http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/42980/the-beginners-guide-to-nano-the (USB-linux-command-line-text-editor/ beginners guide to nano] as needed) disk):.
dmesg=Prerequisites=[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], verify disk tools are installed by executing:<br />
You'll see something along the lines ofFedora<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text-align: left"> dnf -y install pmount fuse fuse-libs ntfs-3g util-linux-ng parted nano</div>
USB Mass Storage device found at .:'''NOTE:''' <code>yum</code> (deprecated) has been replaced with <code>dnf</code> as the package manager for Fedora 23 and greater.Ubuntu <div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text-align: left"> sudo apt-get -y install gparted</div>
followed by a line with a :'''NOTE:''' Hard drives must be formatted as '''MBR''' not '''GUID/dev/sd<x> deviceGPT''' for ''hda-diskmount'' to work correctly.
<ul><li>download the =Preparation=[[http://wiki.amahi.org/images/c/c6/Diskmounter.sh diskmounterOpen_Terminal_as_root|In terminal as root]] script (use <code> wget ''url'' </code> if using ssh)</li><li>run , execute the following command on the scriptto capture current hard drive configuration: <code>root@localhost # chmod 755 Diskmounter.sh</code></li><li>run the scriptdiv style="border: <code>root@localhost 1px solid # A3B1BF; padding: ./Diskmounter.sh</code><br>Answer "yes" to the prompt to make the drive world writable.</li><li>install pmount if you get an error5em 1em; background-color: <code>root@localhost # yum -y install pmount</code></li><li>try to run the script againE6F2FF; margin: <code>root@localhost # ./Diskmounter.sh</code></li 3px 3px 1em 3px;"><li>reboot< ls -l /li><li>check your /etcdev/fstab how the disk is mounted: <code>root@localhost # cat /etc/fstab<by-id/code> (it will usually be the last line that's added)before. Edit it to where you want to mount ittxt cat before.</li>txt</uldiv>
=Complete walkthrough=:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1
Power ''OFF'' the HDA and install/connect any additional hard drive(s).<br />
Your =Identify=Power ''ON'' the HDA and collect data about the new hard drive can be configured to mount permanently using the [http://wiki.amahi.org/images/c/c6/Diskmounter.sh diskmounter] script (thanks to Dennis Kaarsemaker and Luigi Capriotti)configuration. You can use Again, save this to a text file for adding a new fixed (internal) disk or an external USB/FireWire diskreference.
* Make sure you have pmount installed: yum -y install pmount* Execute the script [[Open_Terminal_as_root|In a terminal as ''root'' and answer YES to ]], execute the prompt following to make the capture current hard drive writable to all usersconfiguration:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: . 5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">* Once complete, reboot and the secondary drive should automatically mount. * As user ''root'', edit '''''ls -l /etcdev/fstab''''' to change location of shared ''disk/by-id/hda'' folders to the secondary drive> after.txt cat after. txt* To run the diskmounter script, in the directory where the file is located, do the following:</div>
<code:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V ->../Diskmounter.sh<./codesda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../../sdb
This is what the script added for my drive:'''FYI:''' IDE/SATA hard drives will start with ''Added by diskmounter utility'ata-''' and USB hard drives will start with '' 'usb-'/dev/sdb1 /var/hda/files vfat rw,user,fmask=0111,dmask=0000 0 0'' .<br/>
I changed second path to '''''=Partition/var/hda/files''''' to enable all shared files Format=Compare the difference between before.txt and after.txt to be stored on determine the secondary new hard drive(s) device name. This is the default path for ''//hda'' file storage systemcan be done automatically.
If you get [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following error :<div style="bashborder: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: ./Diskmounter.sh5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: Permission denied 3px 3px 1em 3px;" try executing the following without the commas:> diff before.txt after.txt</div>
:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root $ chmod 755 Diskmounter9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ..sh After executing that command you should be able to execute the Diskmounter/.sh script./sdb
If you get something similar like "Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid At this point, partition table" or "mount: unknown file system type 'lvm2pv'" its because you have LVM'and format the hard drive(s) if they are new. For hard drive(s ) that 'fdisk' can not recognizecontain data to be preserved, (or something like that) its nothing skip to worry about if you get that when executed the Diskmounter.sh script[[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Mount|Mount]] step.
==Command-line (Fedora)==
To partition the hard drive(s), substitute sdX with hard drive device name, such as ''sdb'':
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<blockquote><div style=If "border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> parted /dev/sdX</div></blockquote>Up to 2TB, at the script doesn't work for you'(parted)'' prompt, enter:# mklabel msdos (answer ''yes'' if prompted)# mkpart primary 0% 100%# quit<br />Greater than 2TB, at the ''(parted)'' prompt, enter:# mklabel gpt (answer ''yes'' if prompted)# mkpart primary 0% 100%# quit<br />Verify the new partition was created:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/</div>:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../../sdb <span style="color:#FF0000">'''lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65-part1 -> ../../sdb1'''</span>
These instructions are adapted from [http://wwwThe new partition is named sdX1 (i.mjmwirede.netsdb1 in <span style="color:#FF0000">'''RED'''</resources/mjm-fedora-f9span>).html#ntfs here]
If you're planning to mount a NTFS diskFormat the partition, you'll need to make sure you have ntfsexecute (can substitute ext3):<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-3g, fuse and fuse libs all installedcolor: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mkfs. If not, login as root and run:ext4 -j /dev/sdX1</div></blockquote>
$ yum install fuse fuse-libs ntfs-3gRepeat the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Partition/Format|Partition/Format]] step for each hard drive to be partitioned and formatted.
Then use fdisk to find the disk by running fdisk -l ==GParted (this is a lower case L not a 1Ubuntu). You may have to give ==From the path HDA desktop (/sbin/fdiskor using VNC) , [[Open_Terminal_as_root|In a terminal as root]] and type '''gparted''' to make it worklaunch the application.
$ Here's a general introduction on [http:/sbin/fdisk -lwww.youtube.com/watch?v=vdWkdrnNGRg YouTube]. Just use ''ext3'' or ''ext4'' instead of ''fat32'' if you follow that tutorial.
This should return the needed information about all your disksFor drives > 2. Look out for your newly attached 0 TB, following these steps:* Choose hard disk. In my case in among the results I can find:dropdown menu (top right)* Select Device > Create Partition Table... > Advanced > (Choose 'gpt')* Create partition
Disk /dev/sdb: 120.0GB 120034123776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track.... etc etc.
I know my disk is 120GB so that's the right one. This tells us the name of the new disk which is "sdb" in my case. Running :<b>NOTE:</b> $ sudo [http:/sbin/fdisk gparted.org GParted] supports GUID-partitioned drives, however, the hda-lu /dev/sdb | grep NTFSmount script do not support currently.
..will give you a break down of partitions. In my case, there's just one partition, sdb1, so this is Repeat the partition I will mount[[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Partition/Format|Partition/Format]] step for each hard drive to be partitioned and formatted.
Now we can go on to create =Mount=Mount the mount points if needs be. But because my disk contains all my music, I want it to be mounted as if it were my local "Music" folder, so hard drive(s)/partition(s) for me use in the mount point already existsHDA. But if just want to access your disk easily you could just as easily mount it anywhere. Commonly mount points are put in either /mnt/ or /media/. It doesn't matter where - just be consistent when you are doing this. To do this run these commands as root: $ cd /mnt/ $ mkdir my_ntfs_disk
Substituting my_ntfs_disk for whatever :'''NOTE:''' If you want prefer not to call ituse ''hda-diskmount'', refer to [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#hda-diskmount|Troubleshooting ''hda-diskmount]].
Now we can [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following(it will create drive1, drive2, etc and mount the disk in the desired locationhard drive(s) automatically):<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: . Again as root run this command5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> $ mount /dev/sdb1 /mnthda-diskmount</my_ntfs_drive -t ntfs-3g -r -o umask=0222div>
This command will make the :EXAMPLE: **************************************************************** Ignoring /dev/sda1 - already in /etc/fstab or mounted drive read only. That **************************************************************** Mounted /dev/<strong style="color:green">sdb1</strong> as 's great if that<strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/drive1</strong>'s what you want, but for me, since I (read-write) You may want your system to save my music theremount it every time you boot. To do so, I need it add this line VERY CAREFULLY to be read /etc/fstab and writeable. For this you'll usereboot: <strong style="color:blue">UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2</strong> **************************************************************** All Linux, Windows and Mac partitions on non-removable disks have been mounted
$ mount The line in <span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</devspan> is what you need to copy and add to the bottom of ''/sdb1 etc/mnt/my_ntfs_drive -t ntfs-3g -rw -o umask=0000fstab''. This is '''REQUIRED''' for the hard drive(s) to be permanently mounted.
or There will be multiple lines for multiple hard drive(s) added. Ensure you copy and add '''ONLY''' those which were not present in my casethe ''before.txt'' file.
The new hard drive storage space can be used for [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#All Shares|All Shares]], [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Some Shares|Some Shares]], or the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Greyhole Storage Pool|Greyhole Storage Pool]]. $ mount /dev/sdb1 /home/USERNAME/Music -t ntfs-3g -rw -o umask=0000Follow the guidance below based on desired usage for each hard drive.
because I want it mounted in my "Music" file==All Shares==Host '''ALL''' shares on the new hard drive.
Remember Move all the shares data to the new drive, replacing path in both of these commands you'll need to substitute sdb1 ''<span style="color: red;">RED</span>''' with whatever the partition namepath from the ''hda-diskmount'' output line in <span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</number is on your machine. And in the second command USERNAME is your linux usernamespan>.<br />
If you now go to your desktop[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, you should see the drive is mounted there. Click on it to see the contents are there. If you've mounted it as say So far so good? Okroot]], let's continueexecute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mv /var/hda/files/* <strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/drive1/</strong></div>
What you:'''NOTE:'''ve achieved so far is There may be a temporary mounting of the drive/partition. That shows it '''WARNING''' that can be done but youignored indicating ''ll need /var/hda/files/drives cannot be moved to make it permanent otherwise when you reboot ita subdirectory of itself''ll disappear again. For this you need to edit fstab with your favourite text editor. As root run:
Unmount the new hard drive:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> $ gedit umount /var/hda/files/drives/drive1/</div>Mount the new hard drive permanently as ''/var/hda/files'' by editing ''/etc/fstab'':<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div>Add the line to ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the ''hda-diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>''' and change the second value (path) to ''/var/hda/files''.
A text editor window will pop up. Enter this on the last line:EXAMPLE hda-diskmount output (Original): <span style="color: blue;">UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 <strong>/var/hda/files/drives/drive1</strong> ext4 defaults 1 2</span>:EXAMPLE hda-diskmount output (Modified): UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 <strong>/var/hda/files</strong> ext4 defaults 1 2
:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/sdb1 disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/mntor blkid(8) for more info # UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c /my_ntfs_drive ntfs ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-3g 458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap ro,defaults,umask 0 0 UUID=0222 ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>Finally, execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mount -a ls /var/hda/files/</div>The last command will display contents of the new hard drive. All shares are now located on the new hard drive.
* change '''ro to rw''' and ==Some Shares==Host '''umask=0222 to umask=0000SOME''' if you want it to be writableshares on the new hard drive.
YouMove some shares data to the new drive by executing the following command (replace path in '''<span style="color: red;">RED</span>''' with the path from the ''hda-diskmount'' output line in <span style="color:#0000FF">'ll need ''BLUE'''</span>; sharename will be the share to move to do this for every partition, so if you have several partitions on sdb, the last lines of you fstab may look something like thisnew drive).<br />
[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mv /devvar/sdb1 hda/mntfiles/my_ntfs_drive_C ntfs-3g ro,defaults,umask<strong>sharename</strong> <strong style=0222 0 0"color:red">/devvar/sdb2 hda/mntfiles/my_ntfs_drive_D ntfs-3g ro,defaults,umask=0222 0 0drives/devdrive1/sdb3 </mntstrong></my_ntfs_drive_E ntfs-3g ro,defaults,umask=0222 0 0div>Repeat the process with every share to be moved to the new drive.
When you reboot, you should find your data where you want itUnmount the new hard drive: <div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: . 5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> umount /var/hda/files/drives/drive1</div>
Mount the new hard drive permanently by editing ''/etc/fstab'': <div style= Guide "border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div>Add the line to Adding a Hard Drive to Fedora ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the ''hda-diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>'''.:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>Verify the hard drive(s)/partition(s) configuration is correct in ''/etc/fstab''.
This is a good guideNext, for advanced users, to adding execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mount -a ls /var/hda/files/drives/drive1</div>The last command will display contents of the new hard drive to Fedora:. All shares are now located on the new hard drive.
http:'''<u>HDA Dashboard Update</u><br /fedoranews>'''The location of each share that was moved to the new hard drive will need updated. Select ''Setup'' followed by the ''Shares'' section. Expand each share that was moved individually and change the location (path) accordingly.org/tchung/storage/
And a good fedora 9 guide hereFor example, including a section on adding a hard drive herethe original movies location was <span style="color:red">/var/hda/files/movies</span> but the new location might be <span style="color:blue">/var/hda/files/drives/drive1/movies</span>.
http://wwwRepeat for any other shares that you have moved to the new hard drive.mjmwiredVerify these shares are accessible from another machine within your network.net/resources/mjm-fedora-f9.html
=Partitioning '''NOTE:''' If any services depend on the location of a Brand New Disk=moved share, ensure they are configured to use the new share location. For example, if [https://www.amahi.org/apps/dlna DLNA] is installed, check the configuration file to verify it can find the new share location. Secondly, validate that that all such services start correctly and behave as expected. If the service doesn't start, it may be that it's looking for a specific share location during the service start up.
If you have a blank, unpartitioned, ==Greyhole Storage Pool==Use new hard drive, you have to 1) partition it and 2) format itfor [[Storage_pooling|Greyhole Storage Pool]].
If you want [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], mount the new hard drive permanently by editing ''/etc/fstab'':<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div>Add the line to move this ''/etc/fstab'' provided in the ''hda-diskmount'' output in '''<span style="color: blue;">BLUE</span>'''.:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk to windows machines' # See man pages fstab(5), you may want to format it as NTFS. To do thisfindfs(8), itmount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>Verify the hard drive(s best if you do that )/partition(s) configuration is correct in Windows''/etc/fstab''.
Refer to [[Greyhole#Amahi 6|Greyhole (Amahi 6)]] for Ubuntu or [[Greyhole#Amahi 7|Greyhole (Amahi 7)]] for Fedora to configure the [[Storage_pooling|Greyhole Storage Pool]].
To make a =Verify/Test=Verify the hard drive/partition, it's best to use (as root)is mounted.
gparted[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> df -h</div>
:EXAMPLE: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda5 16G 4.3G 11G 30% / devtmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev tmpfs 498M 84K 498M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 498M 364K 498M 1% /run tmpfs 498M 0 498M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 498M 1.1M 497M 1% /tmp /dev/sda1 190M 75M 102M 43% /boot /dev/sdb1 917G 398G 473G 46% /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 The hard drive(s) and the mount point (path) should be listed for each hard drive added. If not, then further investigation will be needed to determine the problem.<br /> =Tips===Mount Order==The following guide will outline how to manually order hard drives and mount them automatically on boot. [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], executing the following command to obtain the UUID for each hard drive:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> blkid</div>:EXAMPLE: /dev/sda1: LABEL="Seagate-Alpha2TB" UUID="55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdb1: LABEL="Seagate-Beta2TB" UUID="5bd5498f-30c1-4780-948e-ca46656507d2" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdc1: LABEL="WD-Charlie2TB" UUID="a7337504-376a-4d36-9f7a-1a24c0f55fbd" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdd1: LABEL="WD-Delta2TB" UUID="8d881dcb-8de3-4621-b9bd-00025196868a" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sde1: LABEL="root" UUID="4d6f8004-d190-4234-a03b-b68de988abf0" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sde3: LABEL="home" UUID="d0531fa1-9311-4d53-b838-f35898adbd98" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sde5: LABEL="swap" UUID="3c39206c-ba60-47ff-a1fe-f5821b2ab543" TYPE="swap" In this case, there are four data drives (sda1, sdb1, sdc1, sdd1) and the Operating system assigned to a fifth drive, sde. Take note of the UUID's for each drive. Easiest to cut and paste UUID's straight from the terminal. Edit ''/etc/fstab'' to mount each drive:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div>Then '''very carefully''' add the following line for each disk into the end of the fstab file. Ensure correct UUID, hard drive number and hard drive file system (ext4 in this case) are added.  :EXAMPLE: UUID=55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2 It should look something like the following when lines are added for each of the five drives in this example.  :EXAMPLE: # Mounting Greyhole Drives for Drive Pool. # # Drive1 = Seagate-Alpha2TB in Microserver Bay 1 from left UUID=55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive2 = Seagate-Beta2TB in Microserver Bay 2 from left UUID=5bd5498f-30c1-4780-948e-ca46656507d2 /var/hda/files/drives/drive2 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive3 = WD-Charlie2TB in Microserver Bay 3 from left UUID=a7337504-376a-4d36-9f7a-1a24c0f55fbd /var/hda/files/drives/drive3 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive4 = WD-Delta2TB in Microserver Bay 4 from left UUID=8d881dcb-8de3-4621-b9bd-00025196868a /var/hda/files/drives/drive4 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive5 = 250GB OS Drive mounted in Optical Drive bay UUID="4d6f8004-d190-4234-a03b-b68de988abf0 /var/hda/files/drives/drive5 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # :'''NOTE:''' Lines beginning with # are comments where the remainder of the line is ignored  Verify there are no issues by executing the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mount -a</div>If there are errors,most likely a line was not added properly. If this is not corrected, the machine may not boot and hang trying to mount the hard drives! Once there are no errors, reboot machine:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> reboot</div>Verify the hard drives have successfully mounted in the '''HDA Dashboard'''. If all drives mounted successfully, it should look something like this (Ubuntu): :EXAMPLE:[[File:Gstreet_greyhole_pool.png|options|caption]] ==Bad Blocks==Optionally, you can test your new drive for bad blocks.<br/> :'''NOTE:''' This can take a ''long'' time to complete! Recommend starting it in the evening so it will be completed the next day. [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute following command (replace '''sdb1''' with the (<strong style="color:blue">BLUE</strong>) value you received from ''hda-diskmount''):<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> e2fsck -cn /dev/'''sdb1'''</div>You'll receive a message stating '''WARNING!!!''' ''Running e2fsck on a mounted filesystem may cause SEVERE filesystem damage. Do you really want to continue (y/n)?''<br/> Answer ''yes''. The <code>-cn</code> option we're using can safely be used on mounted file systems.==Spin Down Hard Drives== Low power is a good thing to have in servers. If you do not use your fedora desktopserver very often, you may want to force the hard drives to spin down faster than the default. Here is how. First ensure ''hdparm'' package is installed: sudo dnf install hdparm To force to spin down after 10 minutes of being idle, add these lines to <code>/etc/rc.local</code>:<pre># power drives down after 10 minutes idle/sbin/hdparm -S120 /dev/sda/sbin/hdparm -S120 /dev/sdb...</pre> Most drives will power down on their own without doing this. Once stopped, the drive may take as long as 30 seconds to respond to a subsequent disk access, though most drives are much quicker. The encoding of the -S timeout value is somewhat peculiar. A value of zero means "timeouts are disabled": the device will not automatically enter standby mode. Values from 1 to 240 specify multiples of 5 seconds, yielding timeouts from 5 seconds to 20 minutes. Values from 241 to 251 specify from 1 to 11 units of 30 minutes, yielding timeouts from 30 minutes to 5.5 hours. A value of 252 signifies a timeout of 21 minutes. A value of 253 sets a vendor-defined timeout period between 8 and 12 hours, and the value 254 is reserved. 255 is interpreted as 21 minutes plus 15 seconds. Note that some older drives may have very different interpretations of these values. It may make the system run cooler and power efficient (especially on a Home Server you are rarely using all of the pool drives at the same time). =Troubleshooting===hda-diskmount==If ''hda-diskmount'' does not mount the hard drive or you prefer to do itmanually, complete the following steps: Create the mount point (choose one 's graphical ''NOT''' in use) [[Open Terminal as root|in a Terminal, as root]] by executing the following:<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mkdir -p /var/hda/files/drives/drive1</div></blockquote>Identify the hard drive to mount and copy the UUID from the output that corresponds to the hard drive (i.e. sdb)<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/</div></blockquote> :EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 1b8597e0-5d95-4474-b093-53099c8c81c9 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 1c161033-c695-4291-aba1-257d3987edf7 -> ../../dm-0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 b7017251-cb54-438b-92a3-781537c565e6 -> ../../sdb lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 c1fe62b3-41dc-4a67-8a6b-09f90b7893ba -> ../../dm-1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 e0f5a9bd-f52b-431e-89af-61da70659bdd -> ../../dm-2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Dec 29 18:10 <span style="color:#FF0000">'''547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979'''</span> -> ../../sdb1 :The UUID for sdX1 (i.e. sdb1 is <span style="color:#FF0000">'''RED'''</span>).Add the following to the end of ''/etc/fstab'', replacing the UUID as captured in the previous step<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> nano /etc/fstab</div></blockquote>:EXAMPLE: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and /or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span> :The new entry will help make decisionsbe mounted as ''/var/hda/files/drives/drive1'' (i.e. sdb1 in '''<span style="color:#0000FF">BLUE</span>''') Mount the hard drive<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mount -a</div></blockquote>:If all goes well, there should not be any output. If there are errors, stop and diagnose the problem. Accomplish [[Adding_Hard_Drives_101#Verify/Test|Verify/Test]] step to ensure the hard drive is properly mounted.<br /> Repeat this process for each hard drive to be mounted. ==Partitions > 2.1TB==If by following this tutorial you are unable to mount hard drives with partitions > 2.1TB, refer to the [[Partitions_Over_2.1_TB|Partitions over 2.1TB]] guidance. =Help=If you need assistance, please post in the [https://forums.amahi.org Amahi Forums] or receive '''LIVE''' support on the [http://talk.amahi.org Amahi IRC channel].
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