More hard drives can be added in your Amahi HDA <center>{{MessageBox|backgroundcolor = #faa|image =Warning.png|heading =WARNING|message = This is recommended only for additional storage space''Advanced'' users, proceed with caution.}}</center><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .8em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 0px 1em;">

We'll detail how to add such hard drives, and how to put them to good use''NOTE:''' The Amahi [https://www.amahi.org/apps/disk-wizard Disk Wizard] application (Amahi 8 or greater '''ONLY''') provides this capability from the Dashboard UI.

</div><br />The purpose of this tutorial is to make partitioning, formatting, and mounting hard drives in the Amahi server simple for those new to Linux.  In order to keep this process simple, it's important '''NOT''' to connect additional hard drive(s) until the end of the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Preparation|Preparation]] step.  =Important NotesDisclaimer=* [https://www.amahi.org Amahi] cannot be held responsible for any data breakage or destruction arising from the use or misuse of this script. We provide it as a service in good will. You accept this automatically if you use the script. * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table GUID-partitioned] hard drives (such as those previously used in a Mac or have GPT partition tables) are not supported in this tutorial. * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_nano nano] is used as the command-line text editor (refer to [http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/42980/the-beginners-guide-to-nano-the-linux-command-line-text-editor/ beginners guide to nano] as needed).

* This is an '''advanced''' how-to on how to add additional drives to your HDA.=Prerequisites=* Amahi cannot be held responsible for any data breakage or destruction arising from the use or misuse of this script. We provide it [[Open Terminal as root|In a service in good will. You accept this automatically if you use the script.Terminal, as root]], verify disk tools are installed by executing:<br />

Fedora<div style=Step by step instructions="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text-align: left"> dnf -y install pmount fuse fuse-libs ntfs-3g util-linux-ng parted nano</div>

==Make sure your drive is detected by the BIOS==It should be listed in the drives that appear when you boot your computer, before :'''NOTE:''' <code>yum</code> (deprecated) has been replaced with <code>dnf</code> as the package manager for Fedora boot screen appears23 and greater. You can also enter you BIOS and confirm they appear thereUbuntu <div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px; text-align: left"> sudo apt-get -y install gparted</div>

==Make sure your drive is detected by Fedora==Open a Terminal, and type the following command:'''NOTE:''' Hard drives must be formatted as '''MBR''' not '''GUID/GPT''' for ''hda-diskmount'' to work correctly.

=Preparation=[[Open_Terminal_as_root|In terminal as root]], execute the following to capture current hard drive configuration:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> ls -1 l /dev/disk/by-id/ | egrep -v "part|scsi"> before.txt cat before.txt

Look for the line that match the hard drive you added:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1

IDE and SATA hard drives will start with ''Power 'ata-'OFF'' the HDA and USB install/connect any additional hard drives will start with '''usb-'''drive(s).<br/>Look for your hard drive model and serial number.

[[Open_Terminal_as_root|In a terminal as root]], execute the following to capture current hard drive configuration:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">[gb@hda ~]$ ls -1 l /dev/disk/by-id/ | egrep -v "part|scsi"<br/>after.txtata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V<br/>ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65<br/>ata-ST3750640A_3QD0LJN8<br/>ata-ST3750640A_5QD27A57<br/>ata-WDC_WD10EADS-00L5B1_WD-WCAU4C700358<br/>usb-ST310003_33AS_9E1CA6FFFFFF-0:0<br/>usb-ST375064_0A_2009031309E2-0:0 cat after.txt

==Install prerequisites==:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../../sdb :'''FYI:''' IDE/SATA hard drives will start with '''ata-''' and USB hard drives will start with '''usb-'''.<br/>

[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], type =Partition/Format=Compare the following command:difference between before.txt and after.txt to determine the new hard drive(s) device name. This can be done automatically.

[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">yum -y install pmount fuse fuse-libs ntfs-3g gparted diff before.txt after.txt

This step is optionalAt this point, partition and should only be executed format the hard drive(s) if you want to delete the content of your they are new . For hard drive(s) that contain data to be preserved, or if skip to the hard drive has not yet been formatted[[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Mount|Mount]] step.

You should ==Command-line (unless you have a good reason not toFedora) use GParted to ==To partition and format your the hard drive.<br/>From the HDA desktop (or using VNCs), [[Open Terminal substitute sdX with hard drive device name, such as root]] and type ''sdb'gparted''' to launch the GParted application.:

To know what [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> parted /dev/sdsdX<x/div> you need </blockquote>Up to select in GParted2TB, use at the following command''(parted)'' prompt, enter:# mklabel msdos (answer ''yes'' if prompted)# mkpart primary 0% 100%# quit<br />Greater than 2TB, at the ''(parted)'' prompt, in a Terminalenter:# mklabel gpt (answer ''yes'' if prompted)# mkpart primary 0% 100%# quit<br />Verify the new partition was created:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/</div>:EXAMPLE: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> ../../sdb <span style="color:#FF0000">'''lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65-part1 -> ../../sdb1'''</span>

The new partition is named sdX1 (i.e. sdb1 in <span style="color:#FF0000">'''RED'''</span>). Format the partition, execute (can substitute ext3):<blockquote><div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">ls mkfs.ext4 -l j /dev/disk/by-id/sdX1</div></blockquote> Repeat the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Partition/Format|Partition/Format]] step for each hard drive to be partitioned and formatted.

Find ==GParted (Ubuntu)==From the row corresponding to your hard driveHDA desktop (or using VNC), [[Open_Terminal_as_root|In a terminal as root]] and look at the end of the line type '''gparted''' to identify launch the correct /dev/sd<x> to select in GPartedapplication.

Example:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">Here's a general introduction on [gb@hda ~]$ <strong>ls -l /dev/disk/by-id/</strong><br/>total 0<br/>lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V -> ../../sda<br/>lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010-02-18 03http:24 ata-Hitachi_HDS722020ALA330_JK1131YAGDU37V-part1 -> ../../sda1<br/>lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 2010-02-18 03:24 ata-ST31000528AS_6VP08W65 -> www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdWkdrnNGRg YouTube].Just use ''ext3'' or ''ext4'' instead of ''fat32'' if you follow that tutorial./sdb</div>

In the above exampleFor drives > 2.0 TB, /dev/sdb would be what I would select following these steps:* Choose hard disk in GPartedthe dropdown menu (top right)* Select Device > Create Partition Table.. sda in my primary hard drive, and sdb my second hard drive.> Advanced > (Choose 'gpt')* Create partition

There are many easy to follow guides online on how to use GParted. You should Google for one, to find one that seems clear to you.:<b>NOTE:<br/b><a href=" [http://wwwgparted.mepisguides.com/Mepisorg GParted] supports GUID-6/Install/gparted/gpartedpartitioned drives, however, the hda-set-partition.html">Here's one</a> that looks simple. Just use ext3 instead of fat32 in you follow that tutorialmount script do not support currently.

==Mount Repeat the [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Partition/Format|Partition/Format]] step for each hard drive==to be partitioned and formatted.

A script is provided with Amahi that will look =Mount=Mount the hard drive(s)/partition(s) for unmounted partitions use in your system, and mount any it findsthe HDA.

:'''NOTE:''' If you prefer not to use ''hda-diskmount'', refer to [[Open Terminal as rootAdding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#hda-diskmount|In a Terminal, as rootTroubleshooting ''hda-diskmount]], type the following command:.

[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following(it will create drive1, drive2, etc and mount the hard drive(s) automatically):<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> hda-diskmount

Example:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; colorEXAMPLE: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">[root@hda ~]$ hda-diskmount<br/><nowiki> ****************************************************************</nowiki><br/> Ignoring /dev/sda1 - already in /etc/fstab or mounted<br/><nowiki> ****************************************************************</nowiki><br/> Mounted /dev/<strong style="color:green">sdb1</strong> as '<strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/sdb1drive1</strong>' (read-write)<br/> You may want your system to mount it every time you boot.<br/> To do so, add this line VERY CAREFULLY to /etc/fstab and reboot:<br/> <strong style="color:blue">/dev/sdb1 UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files/drives/sdb1 drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2</strong><br/><nowiki> ****************************************************************</nowiki><br/> All Linux, Windows and Mac partitions on non-removable disks have been mounted The line in <br/span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</divspan>is what you need to copy and add to the bottom of ''/etc/fstab''. This is '''REQUIRED''' for the hard drive(s) to be permanently mounted. There will be multiple lines for multiple hard drive(s) added. Ensure you copy and add '''ONLY''' those which were not present in the ''before.txt'' file.

Do '''not''' edit /etc/fstab just yet. What you'll need to add there will depend on how you want to use The new hard drive storage space can be used for [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#All Shares|All Shares]], [[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Some Shares|Some Shares]], or the extra storage[[Adding_a_second_hard_drive_to_your_HDA#Greyhole Storage Pool|Greyhole Storage Pool]]. More about that below.<br/>Just note down Follow the information in bold (green, red and blue). We'll use them guidance belowbased on desired usage for each hard drive.

If you get something like ==All Shares==Host ''Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition tableALL'' or ''mount: unknown file system type 'lvm2pv''' its because you have LVM's that 'fdisk' can not recognize (or something similar). It's nothing to worry about if you get that when executing shares on the hda-diskmount scriptnew hard drive.

Move all the shares data to the new drive, replacing path in '''<span style==Get your partition UUID==Each partition in Linux can be identified "color: red;">RED</span>''' with a unique identifier. This identifier, the UUID, is what youpath from the ''hda-diskmount'' output line in <span style="color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''ll want to use to permanently mount your new partition</span>.<br />

To get the UUID of your new partition[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute this command in a Terminal. Replace <strong style="colorthe following:green">sdb1</strong> with the (green) value you received from hda-diskmount.

ls -l mv /devvar/diskhda/by-uuidfiles/ | grep * <strong style="color:greenred">sdb1/var/hda/files/drives/drive1/</strong>

Example:'''NOTE:''' There may be a '''WARNING''' that can be ignored indicating ''/var/hda/files/drives cannot be moved to a subdirectory of itself''. Unmount the new hard drive:

[gb@ umount /var/hda ~]$ /files/drives/drive1/<strong/div>ls -l Mount the new hard drive permanently as ''/devvar/diskhda/files'' by-uuidediting ''/ | grep sdb1<etc/strong>fstab'':<br/>lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 2010div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; background-02-18 03color: #E6F2FF; margin:24 9d972abc-1639-44df-a60e-668618d40236 - 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> .. nano /..etc/sdb1fstab

In the example above, my :EXAMPLE hda-diskmount output (Original): <span style="color: blue;">UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 <strong>/var/hda/files/drives/drive1</strong> ext4 defaults 1 2</span>:EXAMPLE hda-diskmount output (Modified): UUID is '''9d972abc=547b073d-1639e591-44df4913-a60eb4fb-668618d40236'''. Note that down.7c5084353979 <strong>/var/hda/files</strong> ext4 defaults 1 2

:EXAMPLE /etc/fstab: # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 9 01:46:39 2013 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # UUID=1ebbf241-528c-465e-889f-acc15400dd8c / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=Use 087b15a5-c3ca-4615-b6ee-bf5f399a803e /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=75346b8e-b162-458c-b0e9-a8d48ec2bc82 swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=ad85eeb9-18f0-4b85-9bfa-b88a5d1489b3 swap swap defaults 0 0 <span style="color:#0000FF">'''UUID=547b073d-e591-4913-b4fb-7c5084353979 /var/hda/files ext4 defaults 1 2'''</span>Finally, execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> mount -a ls /var/hda/files/</div>The last command will display contents of the new hard drive==. All shares are now located on the new hard drive.

You have a choice here ==Some Shares==Host '''SOME''' shares on how to use your the new hard drive storage space. We'll offer some examples.

===Use Move some shares data to the hard new drive for all sharesby executing the following command (replace path in '''<span style="color: red;">RED</span>''' with the path from the ''hda-diskmount'' output line in <span style==If you want all your shares "color:#0000FF">'''BLUE'''</span>; sharename will be the share to move to be on your the new hard drive, here's how to do that).<br />

First, you'll need to move all you shares data into your new drive.<br/>[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], type execute the following command. Replace the path in red with the path you received when you ran hda-diskmount.:

mv /var/hda/files/* <strong>sharename</strong> <strong style="color:red">/var/hda/files/drives/sdb1drive1/</strong>

You'll get a warning about "cannot move `/var/hda/files/drives' Repeat the process with every share to a subdirectory of itself"; that is fine, ignore thatbe moved to the new drive.

Next, you'll need to unmount your Unmount the new hard drive, and remount it as : <div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"> umount /var/hda/files/drives/drive1</div>

Mount the new hard drive permanently by editing ''/etc/fstab'': <div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">umount /var/hda/files/drives nano /sdb1etc/fstab

nano mount -a ls /etcvar/fstabhda/files/drives/drive1

In nano'''NOTE:''' If any services depend on the location of a moved share, you'll need ensure they are configured to add a use the new line at the bottomshare location. Take the line that hda-diskmount gave you (the blue one)For example, and change the first two valuesif [https://www.amahi.<br/>Instead of org/devapps/sdb1dlna DLNA] is installed, enter '''UUID=''' followed by check the configuration file to verify it can find the UUID you found earliernew share location. Secondly, validate that that all such services start correctly and behave as expected.<br/>Replace If the second value with '''/var/hda/files'service doesn't start, it may be that it's looking for a specific share location during the service start up.

hda-diskmount gave me:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"><strong style="color:blue">/dev/sdb1 /var/hda/files/drives/sdb1 ext4 defaults 1 2</strong>Greyhole Storage Pool==</div>Use new hard drive for [[Storage_pooling|Greyhole Storage Pool]].

So I should add this instead[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], mount the new hard drive permanently by editing ''/etc/fstab'':<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;"><strong>UUID=9d972abc-1639-44df-a60e-668618d40236< nano /strong> <strong>etc/var/hda/files</strong> ext4 defaults 1 2fstab

Make sure you do '''not''' change anything else from the blue line you received from hda-diskmount.<br/>It might not be the same thing as the above example; oyu need Refer to [[Greyhole#Amahi 6|Greyhole (Amahi 6)]] for Ubuntu or [[Greyhole#Amahi 7|Greyhole (Amahi 7)]] for Fedora to use configure the values you've received[[Storage_pooling|Greyhole Storage Pool]].

[[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], execute the following:<div style="border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; padding: .5em 1em; color: #000; background-color: #E6F2FF; margin: 3px 3px 1em 3px;">mount df -ah

That's it:EXAMPLE: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda5 16G 4.3G 11G 30% / devtmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev tmpfs 498M 84K 498M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 498M 364K 498M 1% /run tmpfs 498M 0 498M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 498M 1. All your shares in 1M 497M 1% /tmp /dev/sda1 190M 75M 102M 43% /boot /dev/sdb1 917G 398G 473G 46% /var/hda/files are now on your new hard drive./drives/drive1

===Use the The hard drive (s) and the mount point (path) should be listed for only some shares===If you want only some of your shares to be on your new each hard driveadded. If not, here's how then further investigation will be needed to do thatdetermine the problem.<br />

First, you'll need =Tips===Mount Order==The following guide will outline how to move your shares data, if any, into your new drivemanually order hard drives and mount them automatically on boot.<br/> [[Open Terminal as root|In a Terminal, as root]], type executing the following command. Replace to obtain the path in red with the path you received when you ran hda-diskmount. Replace '''something''' with the name of the share you want to have on your new UUID for each hard drive (the share should already exists).:

Repeat with every share you want on your new In this case, there are four data drives (sda1, sdb1, sdc1, sdd1) and the Operating system assigned to a fifth drive, sde.

Next, youTake note of the UUID'll need s for each drive. Easiest to make cut and paste UUID's straight from the mount permanentterminal.

umount /var/hda/files/drives/sdb1<br/> nano /etc/fstab

In nano, you'll need to add a new line at the bottom. Take the line that :EXAMPLE: UUID=55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f /var/hda-diskmount gave you (the blue one), and change the first value only.<br/>Instead of files/devdrives/sdb1, enter '''UUID=''' followed by the UUID you found earlier.drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2

In nano, you'll need to add a new line at It should look something like the bottomfollowing when lines are added for each of the five drives in this example. Take the line that hda-diskmount gave you (the blue one), and add it as-is:

:EXAMPLE: # Mounting Greyhole Drives for Drive Pool. # # Drive1 = Seagate-Alpha2TB in Microserver Bay 1 from left UUID=55d9333f-d801-425a-b2af-d65c5966d56f /var/hda/files/drives/drive1 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive2 = Seagate-Beta2TB in Microserver Bay 2 from left UUID=5bd5498f-30c1-4780-948e-ca46656507d2 /var/hda/files/drives/drive2 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive3 = WD-diskmount gave meCharlie2TB in Microserver Bay 3 from left UUID=a7337504-376a-4d36-9f7a-1a24c0f55fbd /var/hda/files/drives/drive3 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive4 = WD-Delta2TB in Microserver Bay 4 from left UUID=8d881dcb-8de3-4621-b9bd-00025196868a /var/hda/files/drives/drive4 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # Drive5 = 250GB OS Drive mounted in Optical Drive bay UUID="4d6f8004-d190-4234-a03b-b68de988abf0 /var/hda/files/drives/drive5 ext4 defaults 1 2 # # :'''NOTE:''' Lines beginning with # are comments where the remainder of the line is ignored  Verify there are no issues by executing the following:

So I should add thisOnce there are no errors, reboot machine: 

Save and exit nano If all drives mounted successfully, it should look something like this (CTRL-XUbuntu), and try your new mount:

mount e2fsck -acn /dev/'''sdb1'''

That=Help=If you need assistance, please post in the [https://forums.amahi.org Amahi Forums] or receive '''LIVE''s it' support on the [http://talk. Your share(s) are now on your new hard driveamahi.org Amahi IRC channel].